Preparing an oral antibiotic suspension, like cephalexin, from a powdered concentrate requires precision and care to ensure proper dosage and efficacy. While many pharmacists mix the medication for you, it is important to know the correct procedure if you receive it in a powdered form. This guide provides comprehensive instructions, safety tips, and information on storage to ensure the medication is prepared correctly.
Essential Preparation: What You'll Need
Before you begin the reconstitution process, ensure your workspace is clean and you have all necessary items ready. This minimizes the risk of contamination and ensures a smooth process.
Preparing Your Workspace and Materials
- Wash your hands: Always begin by washing your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water.
- Clear the area: Clean and dry a countertop or table to serve as your mixing station.
- Gather your supplies: You will need the bottle of cephalexin powder, the designated water (cooled boiled water is recommended to ensure sterility, according to some health guides), and the measuring device (syringe or cup) provided by your pharmacist. Never use a household spoon, as it is inaccurate.
- Read the label: Carefully review the label on the cephalexin bottle. This is the most important step, as it contains specific instructions from the pharmacist regarding the exact amount of water to add. The amount can vary depending on the concentration and final volume required.
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Mix Cephalexin Powder with Water
The process is straightforward, but following each step precisely is critical for the medicine to work as intended.
Step 1: Loosen the Powder
Before adding any water, gently tap the bottom of the bottle against the palm of your hand or invert and tap it on a hard surface. This breaks up any clumps that may have formed during shipping or storage and ensures an even mix.
Step 2: Add Water in Two Portions
This is a key step to achieve a smooth suspension without clumps.
- First portion: Measure approximately half of the total water amount specified on the label using the provided measuring device. Pour this water into the bottle of powder.
- Shake thoroughly: Secure the bottle cap tightly and shake vigorously for at least 20 seconds. The mixture should appear milky and homogenous. Shake with a firm wrist motion to ensure all the powder is incorporated.
- Second portion: After the first shake, add the remaining portion of the water into the bottle.
Step 3: Complete the Mixing Process
- Final shake: Close the bottle again and shake it vigorously for another 20 seconds.
- Check for clumps: Inspect the bottom of the bottle to ensure no dry powder remains. If you still see clumps, continue shaking until they have all dissolved into the suspension.
- Rest the suspension: Some instructions recommend allowing the mixture to stand for a few minutes to allow air bubbles to dissipate. This is a good practice to ensure an accurate dose later.
Reconstitution Volumes Comparison Table
Cephalexin comes in various concentrations and bottle sizes. The amount of water needed depends on the final volume and desired concentration. Always consult the label for precise instructions, but this table provides common examples from drug labels.
Concentration | Final Volume | Water to Add (approximate) | Source |
---|---|---|---|
125 mg/5 mL | 100 mL | 69–71 mL | |
125 mg/5 mL | 200 mL | 138–140 mL | |
250 mg/5 mL | 100 mL | 69–71 mL | |
250 mg/5 mL | 200 mL | 138–140 mL |
Note: These are examples; always follow the directions provided by your pharmacist on the prescription label.
Important Post-Mixing Care
Proper storage and administration are just as important as the initial mixing process.
Storage and Expiration
- Refrigerate: Once mixed, the cephalexin suspension must be stored in the refrigerator. Do not freeze the medication.
- Expiration date: The reconstituted suspension is typically stable for 14 days when refrigerated, after which it must be discarded. Write the date of mixing and the new expiration date on the label to keep track.
Administering Each Dose
- Shake well before each use: The active ingredients in a suspension can settle over time. Shake the bottle well before measuring and administering each dose to ensure consistent and accurate medication delivery.
- Use the correct measuring device: Never rely on an average household spoon for measuring medication. Always use the oral syringe or medicine cup that came with the prescription to measure the precise dose.
Safe Disposal
- Return to pharmacy: If there is any leftover medication after the treatment course is complete or if it has expired, do not throw it in the trash or flush it down the toilet. Take it to a pharmacy or a designated medication disposal location for safe disposal.
Conclusion
Mixing cephalexin powder with water is a straightforward process that requires careful attention to detail. By following the step-by-step instructions—including preparing your workspace, adding water in two portions, shaking thoroughly, and adhering to proper storage guidelines—you can ensure the medication is safe and effective. Always defer to the specific instructions provided on your prescription label by your pharmacist, and if any confusion arises, contact them for clarification. Proper reconstitution is a crucial part of completing your antibiotic course effectively.
For more information on antibiotic safety and usage, consult the Mayo Clinic's drug information page.