Category: Cardio oncology

Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, is the most common and most lethal cardiovascular adverse event linked to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, with some estimates reporting mortality rates as high as 50%. Understanding what is the most common manifestation of cardiotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors is critical for early detection and improving patient outcomes.

Doxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapy drug, yet its use is limited by cardiotoxicity [1.3.5]. The critical question for patients and clinicians is, **does doxorubicin cause CHF** (congestive heart failure)? The risk is directly linked to the cumulative dose received over a lifetime [1.6.1].