Category: Cell signaling

As a key subtype of G protein-coupled receptors, muscarinic 1 (M1) receptors are most densely populated in the brain's cerebral cortex and hippocampus, where they play a crucial role in memory and learning. Understanding **what do muscarinic 1 receptors do?** is essential for grasping their wide-ranging influence on both central and peripheral functions and their importance as a therapeutic target.

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), a powerful signaling protein, is involved in maintaining normal tissue health, but its dysregulated activity contributes significantly to diseases like fibrosis and cancer. Understanding **how to reduce TGF beta** is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to combat these pathologies, moving beyond its physiological role to mitigate its harmful, disease-promoting effects.