Category: Therapeutics

Peptide hormones, such as those acting as short-lived messengers in the body, are known to be fast-acting and short-lived, while therapeutic **peptides** can take weeks to months to produce noticeable effects. The timeline for therapeutic results depends heavily on the specific compound, its formulation, and individual biological factors.

While the term "happy pill" is often used to describe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Prozac, there is no single **happy pill for anger**. Anger is a complex emotional response often rooted in or exacerbated by underlying mental health conditions, which is what doctors typically target with medication.

In October 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vamorolone (brand name Agamree) for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), signaling a new approach in steroid therapy. This first-in-class drug is a novel dissociative corticosteroid, designed to retain the therapeutic benefits of traditional steroids while minimizing common adverse side effects.

Initially developed in the 1950s by Bayer, niclosamide is a potent anthelmintic medication primarily used to treat intestinal tapeworm infections in humans. Decades later, research has identified its potential for drug repurposing, opening up new investigational uses beyond its traditional purpose, including in cancer and viral infections.

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), a powerful signaling protein, is involved in maintaining normal tissue health, but its dysregulated activity contributes significantly to diseases like fibrosis and cancer. Understanding **how to reduce TGF beta** is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to combat these pathologies, moving beyond its physiological role to mitigate its harmful, disease-promoting effects.