Understanding D5W (Dextrose 5% in Water)
D5W is an intravenous solution containing 5% dextrose in sterile water. Initially isotonic in the bag, it becomes hypotonic in the body as dextrose is metabolized, leaving free water. This unique characteristic influences its clinical applications.
Primary Indications: Why Would You Give D5?
D5W is administered for several specific reasons:
1. Treatment of Hypoglycemia
It is a primary treatment for low blood sugar, providing rapid glucose.
2. Rehydration and Free Water Replacement
As dextrose is metabolized, D5W provides free water, useful for treating dehydration, particularly in patients with high sodium levels (hypernatremia). However, it is not used for volume resuscitation in hypovolemic shock.
3. A Vehicle for IV Medication Administration
D5W is commonly used to dilute and administer other IV medications safely.
4. Minimal Caloric and Nutritional Support
A liter of D5W contains about 170 calories, offering minimal short-term caloric support.
Comparison of Common IV Fluids
For a detailed comparison of common IV fluids including D5W, Normal Saline, and Lactated Ringer's, their compositions, tonicity in the body, and primary use cases, please refer to {Link: Dr.Oracle AI https://www.droracle.ai/articles/8121/d5w-for-hypernatremia-}.
Critical Contraindications and Risks
Careful consideration of contraindications is essential. Contraindications for D5W include clinically significant hyperglycemia, known hypersensitivity to dextrose or corn products, head injury or cerebral edema, fluid overload, and renal failure. Potential risks and side effects include hyperglycemia, fluid overload, and dilution of electrolytes. For a more comprehensive list of contraindications and risks, see {Link: Dr.Oracle AI https://www.droracle.ai/articles/8121/d5w-for-hypernatremia-}.
Conclusion
D5W is primarily used to correct hypoglycemia, provide free water for hypernatremic dehydration, and as a vehicle for IV medications. Its hypotonic nature in the body is central to its utility but requires careful consideration of contraindications.
For more in-depth information on IV fluid pharmacology, consider visiting the {Link: DailyMed resource https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/} from the National Library of Medicine.
