Does clonazepam cause constipation? Understanding a Common Side Effect

October 8, 2025 •

3 min read

According to Drugs.com, constipation is a common side effect of clonazepam, reported in 1% to 10% of users. This effect occurs because the medication, known by the brand name Klonopin, can slow down the movement of the digestive system, a known consequence for many central nervous system depressants. Understanding this connection is the first step toward effectively managing the discomfort it can cause.

Quick Summary

Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, can cause constipation by slowing intestinal motility. This article explains the physiological reasons behind this side effect, provides comparison with other GI issues, and details practical management strategies, including dietary and lifestyle adjustments.

Key Points

Constipation is a known side effect: Clonazepam commonly causes constipation by slowing down intestinal motility, the rhythmic muscle contractions that move waste through the gut.
Frequency of occurrence: This gastrointestinal issue affects a significant minority of users, with some experiencing it more severely than others.
Underlying cause: As a central nervous system depressant, clonazepam's effect on the gut is an extension of its main therapeutic action on the body's overall function.
Management is possible: Relief can often be found through dietary changes, such as increasing fiber and fluids, and incorporating regular exercise.
Consult a professional: Always speak with your doctor before using laxatives or changing your medication, as they can recommend the safest and most effective strategy.
Don't ignore it: If constipation persists or worsens, seeking a medical evaluation is important to ensure there are no other underlying issues.

Does Clonazepam Affect Bowel Movements?

Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine used to treat panic disorders, anxiety, and seizures, works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity. While this effect is therapeutic for controlling nervous system activity, it also affects other parts of the body, including the digestive system. As a central nervous system depressant, clonazepam can slow down muscle contractions throughout the body, including the intestinal walls, a phenomenon known as slowed intestinal motility. This reduced movement means that waste travels more slowly through the colon, allowing more water to be absorbed and leading to harder, drier stools and difficulty having a bowel movement.

Constipation is one of the more frequently reported gastrointestinal issues, alongside others like nausea, dry mouth, and abdominal pain. The severity can vary significantly among individuals, with some experiencing it only mildly, while others find it to be a more persistent and uncomfortable problem. It is also important to note that gastrointestinal distress, including alternating constipation and diarrhea, can occur during withdrawal from benzodiazepines.

Why Constipation Occurs on Clonazepam

Slowing of Intestinal Motility: The core reason for clonazepam-induced constipation is the medication's central nervous system depressant effect. By slowing down the body's overall function, it directly impacts the rhythmic muscle contractions (peristalsis) that move food and waste through the intestines.
Reduced Physical Activity: In some cases, clonazepam's sedative properties can lead to fatigue or drowsiness, resulting in less physical activity. A sedentary lifestyle is a well-known contributor to constipation, further exacerbating the issue.
Decreased Fluid Intake: Some people on clonazepam might experience dry mouth or simply not drink enough fluids, which is critical for preventing constipation.

Managing Constipation Caused by Clonazepam

Fortunately, constipation caused by clonazepam can often be managed with lifestyle and dietary changes. It is crucial to remember that you should never stop or change the dosage of your medication without consulting your healthcare provider.

Practical Steps for Relief

Increase Fiber Intake: Incorporating more high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help bulk up stool and improve bowel regularity.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Adequate fluid intake is essential to keep stools soft and easy to pass.
Regular Exercise: Engaging in light to moderate physical activity, such as walking, can stimulate intestinal muscles and promote more regular bowel movements.
Consider a Laxative: Over-the-counter laxatives, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or sennosides, can be effective. However, always discuss this with your doctor to determine the most appropriate option and avoid potential dependency.
Timing of Medication: In some instances, adjusting the timing of your clonazepam and any laxatives may help, but this should only be done under medical guidance.

Comparison of Clonazepam-Related GI Side Effects


Side Effect	Reported Frequency	Characteristics
Constipation	Common (1-10%)	Hard, dry stools; infrequent bowel movements; abdominal discomfort.
Nausea	Frequency varies; common in some reports	A queasy sensation in the stomach, which may subside over time.
Dry Mouth	Reported; not as common as constipation	Can contribute to dehydration and further worsen constipation.
Abdominal Pain	Common (1-10%)	General discomfort or cramping in the stomach area.
Diarrhea	Rare side effect, sometimes occurs in withdrawal	Loose, watery stools; sometimes alternating with constipation (benzo belly).

Conclusion

Yes, clonazepam does cause constipation in a notable percentage of users, resulting from its action as a central nervous system depressant that slows intestinal motility. While uncomfortable, this side effect can often be managed with straightforward lifestyle modifications, including increasing fluid intake, consuming more dietary fiber, and engaging in regular physical activity. Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any significant changes to your diet, exercise routine, or considering over-the-counter laxatives, as they can provide personalized guidance and ensure your regimen remains safe and effective. For more detailed information on side effects, you can refer to authoritative sources like Drugs.com.

Frequently Asked Questions

Clonazepam causes constipation because, as a central nervous system depressant, it slows down overall bodily functions, including the natural muscle contractions (intestinal motility) that move waste through the digestive system. This allows more water to be absorbed, leading to harder stools.

Yes, constipation is a recognized and relatively common side effect of clonazepam, reported to occur in 1% to 10% of people who take the medication. The severity can vary by individual and may be more noticeable when first starting the drug.

You can take certain laxatives, but you should always consult your healthcare provider first. They might suggest a mild laxative like sennosides or PEG and guide you on the appropriate timing to avoid any interactions with your clonazepam.

'Benzo belly' is a term for gastrointestinal issues that can occur with benzodiazepine use or withdrawal, including constipation, bloating, and nausea. Withdrawal symptoms can cause fluctuating bowel habits, sometimes alternating between constipation and diarrhea.

For some individuals, constipation may lessen as their body adjusts to the medication, especially in the initial weeks of treatment. For others, it might be a more persistent issue that requires active management with diet, hydration, and exercise.

Yes, other medications, including opioids, antidepressants, antihistamines, and calcium channel blockers, can also cause constipation. Taking any of these alongside clonazepam could potentially compound the issue. Always review all medications with your doctor.

A diet rich in high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes is recommended. Combine this with drinking plenty of water throughout the day to help soften stools and promote regular bowel movements.