Jardiance, with its active ingredient empagliflozin, is a medication approved to help manage type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease [1.6.5]. It works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, which causes excess glucose (sugar) to be removed from the body through urine [1.6.4, 1.6.1]. While effective, this mechanism is also linked to its most common side effects. Many patients starting this medication want to know if these effects are permanent.
For many individuals, the more common side effects of Jardiance may be temporary, lasting from a few days to a few weeks as their body gets used to the medication [1.2.4, 1.3.3]. However, some side effects may not disappear completely but can become less bothersome and more manageable over time [1.2.1].
Understanding Common vs. Serious Side Effects
Jardiance has a range of potential side effects, from common and mild to rare and serious. It's crucial to distinguish between them to know when to manage symptoms at home and when to seek immediate medical care.
Common Side Effects and Their Duration
Many common side effects are a direct result of how Jardiance works. Since it flushes out sugar and fluid, some effects are to be expected.
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Genital Yeast Infections: These are among the most frequently reported side effects [1.7.3, 1.8.1]. The sugary urine creates a favorable environment for bacteria and yeast to grow [1.5.2]. While the risk for these infections remains as long as you take the medication, they are often manageable [1.2.1]. Symptoms like burning during urination or genital itching should be reported to a doctor, who may recommend over-the-counter or prescription treatments [1.2.3]. Good hygiene and staying hydrated can also help prevent them [1.5.3].
- Increased Urination: This effect is a direct consequence of the drug's mechanism and usually occurs in the hours after taking a dose [1.2.1]. For this reason, it is typically recommended to take Jardiance in the morning to avoid disrupting sleep [1.2.1]. This side effect will likely persist as long as the medication is used.
- Dehydration and Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): By removing fluid, Jardiance can lead to dehydration and a drop in blood pressure, causing symptoms like dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up [1.4.2, 1.5.6]. These effects are more common in older adults (65+) and those taking diuretics [1.5.2, 1.5.6]. Drinking enough fluids can help manage this [1.4.3]. These symptoms often improve as the body adjusts but should be monitored.
Serious Side Effects That Require Immediate Attention
While rare, Jardiance is associated with serious side effects that require immediate medical intervention. These do not go away on their own and can be life-threatening.
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): This is a serious condition where high levels of ketones make the blood acidic [1.4.4]. It can happen even if your blood sugar is not very high [1.5.4]. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, tiredness, and trouble breathing [1.5.6]. If you experience these, stop taking Jardiance and seek emergency medical help [1.5.5].
- Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier's Gangrene): This is an extremely rare but life-threatening bacterial infection of the tissue under the skin in the area between the genitals and rectum [1.4.5, 1.5.3]. Symptoms include pain, tenderness, redness, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with a fever or feeling very weak [1.5.6]. This is a medical emergency.
- Serious Allergic Reactions: Like any drug, Jardiance can cause a severe allergic reaction (angioedema) [1.5.3]. Symptoms include hives, rash, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat that can make breathing difficult [1.5.4]. This requires immediate emergency care.
Comparison of Jardiance Side Effects
| Side Effect Category | Examples | Typical Duration & Management | When to Call a Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common & Manageable | Genital yeast infections, UTIs, increased urination [1.2.2] | May last a few weeks or be recurring; managed with medication, hygiene, and hydration [1.3.2, 1.5.3]. | If symptoms of infection appear or persist [1.2.3]. |
| Effects Requiring Monitoring | Low blood pressure (hypotension), dizziness, dehydration [1.5.3] | Often temporary as the body adjusts [1.3.3]. Can be managed by staying hydrated. | If dizziness is severe, or you feel faint or weak [1.5.6]. |
| Serious & Rare | Ketoacidosis (DKA), Fournier's gangrene, severe allergic reactions, serious UTIs [1.5.2] | These are medical emergencies and do not resolve on their own. | Immediately. Call 911 if symptoms are life-threatening [1.2.3]. |
Managing Side Effects and Doctor Communication
Proactive management and open communication with your healthcare provider are essential.
- Follow Instructions: Take Jardiance exactly as prescribed, typically once in the morning [1.7.2]. Do not stop taking it without your doctor's approval [1.2.4].
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day to help prevent dehydration and reduce the risk of UTIs [1.4.3, 1.5.3].
- Practice Good Hygiene: To reduce the risk of genital infections, maintain good personal hygiene [1.5.3].
- Monitor Your Body: Be aware of the signs of both common and serious side effects. Regularly check your feet for any new sores, tenderness, or infections, as SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with a higher risk of lower limb amputations in some patients [1.4.2, 1.5.4].
- Talk to Your Doctor: Report any side effects that are severe, bothersome, or don't go away [1.2.4]. Your doctor can provide strategies for management or determine if Jardiance is still the right medication for you [1.3.2].
Conclusion
For many patients, the initial, more common side effects of Jardiance do lessen or go away within a few weeks as the body adjusts [1.3.2]. Others, like the increased risk of certain infections, persist but are generally manageable [1.2.1]. It is vital to differentiate these from the signs of rare but serious side effects, which demand immediate medical attention. Never hesitate to contact a healthcare provider with concerns about side effects; they can offer guidance to ensure your treatment is both safe and effective.
For more information from the manufacturer, you can visit the official Jardiance® patient website.
