What is Impetigo?
Impetigo is a superficial bacterial skin infection most often seen in children, though it can affect anyone. It is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact with an infected person's sores or contaminated objects. The infection typically arises when bacteria invade broken skin, such as from a cut, scrape, or insect bite.
The bacteria most commonly responsible are Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Impetigo can present in a few different forms:
- Non-bullous impetigo: The most common form, starting as tiny blisters that rupture and leave behind a characteristic honey-colored crust.
- Bullous impetigo: Caused exclusively by Staphylococcus aureus, this form features larger, fluid-filled blisters (bullae) that are less likely to burst.
- Ecthyma: A more serious, deeper form of impetigo that penetrates into the dermis and can lead to painful, "punched-out" ulcers and scarring.
How Keflex (Cephalexin) Works
Keflex, or cephalexin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, which leads to bacterial cell death. Since it's taken orally, it provides systemic treatment, suitable for infections that are not localized.
When Oral Keflex is the Right Choice for Impetigo
Topical antibiotics like mupirocin are often used for mild, localized impetigo. However, oral antibiotics are necessary for more widespread or severe cases, including bullous impetigo and ecthyma. Oral treatment is also needed if topical therapy is ineffective after a few days.
Administration
For impetigo, Keflex is typically prescribed for a specific duration, often ranging from 7 to 10 days. The amount prescribed depends on age, weight, and infection severity and should be determined by a healthcare professional. It's crucial to finish the entire course as prescribed to prevent recurrence and resistance. Keflex can be taken with or without food, though taking it with food might help with stomach upset.
Effectiveness and Clinical Evidence
Cephalexin is a recommended first-line oral treatment for impetigo. Studies show its effectiveness, including a pediatric study where it had a low treatment failure rate compared to other options. It is effective against the main bacteria causing impetigo, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Its effectiveness and absorption make it a reliable choice for oral therapy.
Important Considerations and Potential Side Effects
Keflex can cause side effects. Common ones include nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, dizziness, and fatigue. Serious side effects like severe diarrhea (possibly Clostridium difficile colitis), rash, or signs of anaphylaxis require immediate medical attention. Those with a history of penicillin allergy should be cautious due to potential cross-reactivity. Dosage adjustments may be needed for individuals with kidney problems.
Comparison of Impetigo Treatments
| Treatment Type | Example Medication | Best for... | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Antibiotic | Cephalexin (Keflex) | Widespread or severe impetigo, including bullous impetigo and ecthyma. | Requires a prescription; potential for side effects like GI upset and allergic reactions. Crucial to complete full course. |
| Topical Antibiotic | Mupirocin (Bactroban) | Mild, localized impetigo. | Applied directly to the sores; can be as effective as oral antibiotics for small areas. Resistance concerns exist. |
| Oral Antibiotic | Dicloxacillin | Impetigo caused by staph bacteria. | An alternative for impetigo, but Keflex is often a preferred option. |
| Oral Antibiotic (for MRSA) | Clindamycin or Doxycycline | Cases where Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is suspected. | Used when standard treatments are ineffective or if a culture indicates MRSA. |
When Keflex is Ineffective
If impetigo doesn't improve after several days of Keflex, it might be due to antibiotic resistance, such as MRSA. A doctor might take a bacterial culture to find the most effective antibiotic. If the infection doesn't improve or worsens within 3 to 5 days, consult a healthcare provider.
Conclusion
Does Keflex treat impetigo? Yes, it is a well-established and highly effective oral antibiotic for treating more severe or extensive cases. As a first-line treatment option, cephalexin offers reliable coverage against the most common bacterial causes. For mild, localized infections, a topical antibiotic may suffice. However, for more advanced cases, a course of oral Keflex, as prescribed by a healthcare provider, is a standard and successful treatment approach. Always follow your doctor's instructions and complete the full course of medication to ensure a complete recovery and prevent complications.
For additional medical information, consult a reliable resource like the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
