Does Metoprolol Cause You to Gain Weight? An Evidence-Based Look

October 11, 2025 •

4 min read

Studies show that older beta-blockers like metoprolol are associated with an average weight gain of about 2.6 pounds, which typically occurs within the first few months of treatment [1.3.1, 1.8.2]. So, does metoprolol cause you to gain weight? Yes, for some individuals it is a known side effect.

Quick Summary

Metoprolol, a beta-blocker for heart conditions, can cause modest weight gain by slowing metabolism and promoting fluid retention. This effect is manageable through lifestyle changes and communication with a healthcare provider.

Key Points

Modest Gain is Typical: Metoprolol can cause an average weight gain of about 2.6 pounds, usually within the first few months of use [1.8.2, 1.8.6].
Metabolism and Fatigue: The primary reasons for weight gain are believed to be a slowed metabolism and fatigue, which can lead to less physical activity [1.2.5].
Not All Beta-Blockers Are Equal: Newer beta-blockers like carvedilol and nebivolol are less likely to cause weight gain compared to older ones like metoprolol [1.5.1].
Lifestyle is Key: Managing weight on metoprolol is possible through regular exercise, a balanced diet low in sodium, and staying hydrated [1.4.1].
Watch for Rapid Gain: Sudden, rapid weight gain (2-3 lbs in a day or 5 lbs in a week) can signal worsening heart failure and requires immediate medical attention [1.2.4].
Consult Before Stopping: Never stop taking metoprolol without talking to your doctor, as this can cause serious heart issues [1.6.3].
Alternatives Exist: If weight gain is a major concern, a doctor might suggest alternatives like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or different beta-blockers that don't affect weight [1.7.2].

Understanding Metoprolol and Its Purpose

Metoprolol is a prescription medication belonging to a class of drugs called beta-blockers [1.2.2]. It is widely used to treat various cardiovascular conditions. Its primary function is to block the effects of the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline), which causes the heart to beat more slowly and with less force, thereby lowering blood pressure [1.6.5]. It also helps relax blood vessels to improve blood flow.

Healthcare providers commonly prescribe metoprolol for:

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): To lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks [1.2.2].
Angina Pectoris: To relieve chest pain associated with heart disease [1.6.1].
Heart Failure: To improve symptoms and increase survival rates [1.6.4].
Arrhythmias: To correct an irregular heartbeat [1.2.2].
Post-Heart Attack Care: To improve survival after a heart attack [1.7.3].

Metoprolol comes in two main forms: metoprolol tartrate (brand name Lopressor) and metoprolol succinate (brand name Toprol-XL), which are immediate-release and extended-release, respectively [1.2.5, 1.6.6].

The Link Between Metoprolol and Weight Gain

The question of 'does metoprolol cause you to gain weight?' is a common concern. Research confirms that older beta-blockers, including metoprolol, can lead to a modest increase in weight [1.5.1]. Studies indicate an average gain of about 1.2 kg (approximately 2.6 pounds), mostly within the initial months of starting the medication, after which weight tends to stabilize [1.8.2, 1.8.3].

The exact mechanisms aren't fully understood, but there are two primary theories [1.2.5, 1.8.4]:

Metabolic Slowdown: Beta-blockers are thought to slow down the body's metabolism, which is the process of converting food into energy [1.2.4]. A slower metabolism means the body burns fewer calories at rest, and excess calories are more likely to be stored as fat [1.2.5].
Reduced Physical Activity and Fatigue: A very common side effect of metoprolol is fatigue or tiredness [1.6.5]. Feeling less energetic can naturally lead to a decrease in physical activity and exercise, resulting in fewer calories burned and subsequent weight gain [1.2.5].

It is also suggested that metoprolol can cause the body to retain fluid, which can contribute to a higher number on the scale [1.2.1].

Which Beta-Blockers Affect Weight?

Not all beta-blockers have the same impact on weight. The effect can vary significantly between different generations of the drug.


Drug Class/Name	Typical Effect on Weight	Examples	Source
Older, Non-vasodilating Beta-Blockers	More likely to cause weight gain	Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol	[1.5.1, 1.2.5]
Newer, Vasodilating Beta-Blockers	Generally weight-neutral or less likely to cause gain	Carvedilol (Coreg), Nebivolol (Bystolic)	[1.5.1, 1.7.1]
Other Weight-Neutral Beta-Blockers	Not associated with significant weight gain	Timolol, Acebutolol	[1.2.3, 1.5.2]
Other Antihypertensives	Not associated with weight gain	ACE Inhibitors (Lisinopril), ARBs (Losartan), Calcium Channel Blockers (Amlodipine)	[1.5.2, 1.7.2]

Strategies for Managing Weight on Metoprolol

If you are prescribed metoprolol and are concerned about weight gain, there are several proactive steps you can take to manage your weight effectively. The key is to focus on consistent, healthy habits [1.4.1].

Maintain a Balanced Diet: Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains [1.4.1]. Lean proteins can include seafood, poultry, eggs, and legumes [1.7.2]. A balanced diet supports overall heart health and helps manage calorie intake.
Monitor Sodium Intake: Reducing the consumption of processed foods and excess sodium can help minimize fluid retention, a potential contributor to weight gain on metoprolol [1.4.1]. The American Heart Association recommends no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day for adults with high blood pressure [1.4.1].
Engage in Regular Exercise: The American Heart Association recommends 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week [1.4.1]. Activities like walking, swimming, or cycling can help counteract a slowed metabolism and manage weight [1.4.1]. Always consult your doctor before starting a new exercise regimen.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help you feel full, manage your appetite, and support your body's metabolic processes [1.4.1, 1.4.3].
Track Your Weight: Regularly monitoring your weight allows you to notice changes early and discuss them with your healthcare provider [1.4.2].

When to Consult Your Doctor

It is crucial never to stop taking metoprolol or any prescribed medication without first consulting your healthcare provider [1.6.3]. Abruptly stopping beta-blockers can lead to serious heart problems, including severe angina or heart attack [1.6.3].

You should contact your doctor immediately if you experience:

Sudden or rapid weight gain: Gaining more than 2-3 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week could be a sign of fluid buildup due to worsening heart failure, a serious condition [1.2.4, 1.8.5].
Other concerning side effects: Shortness of breath, swelling in the hands, feet, or lower legs, and extreme fatigue should be reported promptly [1.6.4, 1.6.2].

If weight gain is a significant concern, your doctor can help. They can confirm the cause of the weight change and may discuss alternative medications that are less likely to affect your weight, such as newer beta-blockers like carvedilol or other classes of antihypertensives like ACE inhibitors or ARBs [1.5.3, 1.7.2].

Conclusion

While metoprolol can cause a modest amount of weight gain in some individuals, this side effect is typically small and manageable. The weight gain is often linked to a slower metabolism and medication-induced fatigue. However, the benefits of metoprolol in protecting heart health often outweigh the risk of gaining a few pounds [1.5.3]. By adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and regular exercise, and maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider, you can effectively manage your weight while receiving the vital cardiovascular protection that metoprolol provides. For more information on heart health, you can visit the American Heart Association.

Frequently Asked Questions

Studies show the average weight gain associated with metoprolol is about 2.6 pounds (1.2 kg). This gain usually occurs in the first few months and then stabilizes [1.8.2, 1.8.3].

Experts believe metoprolol may cause weight gain by slowing down your metabolism and by causing fatigue, which can reduce your motivation to exercise [1.2.5]. It may also cause some fluid retention [1.2.1].

Yes, but it may be more difficult for some people [1.4.2]. A consistent routine of a healthy diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep is crucial for weight management while on a beta-blocker [1.4.2].

No. Older beta-blockers like metoprolol and atenolol are more likely to cause weight gain. Newer ones, such as carvedilol and nebivolol, generally do not have this side effect [1.5.1, 1.7.1].

If you gain more than 2-3 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week, you should contact your healthcare provider immediately. This could be a sign of fluid buildup from worsening heart failure [1.2.4, 1.8.5].

Yes. Other classes of blood pressure medications like ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril), ARBs (e.g., losartan), and calcium channel blockers do not typically cause weight gain. Newer beta-blockers like carvedilol are also an option [1.7.2, 1.5.3].

No. You should never stop taking metoprolol without consulting your doctor. Abruptly stopping can lead to dangerous cardiac events, including worsening chest pain or a heart attack [1.6.3].