Does naproxen cause constipation? An in-depth look at this potential side effect

October 9, 2025 •

4 min read

According to Drugs.com, common over-the-counter pain relievers like naproxen can sometimes cause constipation. While this is a known side effect, it occurs less frequently than other gastrointestinal (GI) issues and is typically manageable with lifestyle changes and proper care.

Quick Summary

Naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can cause constipation by inhibiting prostaglandins, which play a role in protecting the digestive tract. The risk is influenced by dosage, duration of use, hydration, and other lifestyle factors. Manage this side effect with increased fluids, fiber, exercise, or over-the-counter aids.

Key Points

Constipation is a Possible Side Effect: Although less common than other GI issues, naproxen has been reported to cause constipation in some individuals.
NSAID Mechanism Can Disrupt Digestion: Naproxen reduces protective prostaglandins in the gut, which can lead to various digestive problems, including slowed bowel movements.
Risk Factors Include Dosage and Dehydration: The likelihood of experiencing constipation increases with higher naproxen doses, longer-term use, and insufficient fluid intake.
Lifestyle Changes Help Manage Symptoms: Increasing fluid and fiber intake, along with regular exercise, are effective first-line strategies for managing medication-related constipation.
OTC Options Can Provide Relief: For persistent issues, over-the-counter laxatives or stool softeners may be used, but always consult a doctor first.
Know When to See a Doctor: Seek medical attention if you experience severe abdominal pain, bloody stools, or other serious GI symptoms.

Understanding Naproxen and its Gut-Level Effects

Naproxen, sold under brand names like Aleve and Naprosyn, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. It works by inhibiting enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), which are involved in the production of prostaglandins. While this action is effective for pain relief, it has unintended consequences for the gastrointestinal (GI) system.

Prostaglandins serve a crucial role in maintaining the protective mucosal barrier that lines the stomach and intestines. By reducing prostaglandin levels, naproxen and other NSAIDs can make the digestive tract more vulnerable to irritation and damage. This disruption can manifest as various GI side effects, with constipation being one of the possibilities, alongside more common issues like heartburn and nausea. While constipation is less common than other GI complaints, it is a documented side effect for some individuals taking naproxen.

The Physiological Link: How Naproxen Can Lead to Constipation

The exact mechanism by which naproxen causes constipation isn't fully understood, but it is believed to be related to its effects on the GI tract. The reduction of protective prostaglandins can disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system, including the peristaltic movements of the intestines that push waste through the colon. When these movements slow down, it can lead to delayed bowel movements and harder, drier stools, which are characteristic of constipation. This is different from the mechanism of opioid-induced constipation, where opioids directly affect gut wall receptors. However, the result for the patient can be similar: discomfort and difficulty passing stools.

Factors that Increase the Risk of Constipation

Not everyone who takes naproxen will experience constipation. Several factors can increase an individual's susceptibility to this side effect:

Dosage and Duration: Higher doses and longer-term use of naproxen are associated with a greater risk of experiencing GI side effects, including constipation.
Dehydration: Inadequate fluid intake can contribute to constipation, and combining dehydration with the use of naproxen can exacerbate the issue.
Lack of Fiber: A diet low in fiber can lead to constipation on its own. When combined with a medication that can affect bowel movements, the problem can worsen.
Lack of Physical Activity: Regular exercise helps stimulate bowel movements. A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of constipation.
Combined Medications: Taking naproxen with other medications known to cause constipation, such as opioids or certain antidepressants, significantly increases the risk.
Pre-existing Conditions: Individuals with a history of GI issues or certain autoimmune diseases may be more prone to developing complications.

Management and Prevention of Naproxen-Related Constipation

Fortunately, there are several ways to manage and prevent constipation caused by naproxen:

Increase Fluid Intake: Drinking plenty of water is one of the most effective strategies. Adequate hydration keeps stool soft and allows for easier passage.
Boost Dietary Fiber: Incorporate more fiber-rich foods into your diet, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Fiber adds bulk to stool, which can help with regularity.
Stay Active: Regular physical activity helps stimulate the muscles of the intestines, promoting healthy bowel movements.
Consider Over-the-Counter Aids: If lifestyle changes are insufficient, over-the-counter options may help. These include:
- Fiber supplements (e.g., psyllium husk)
- Stool softeners (e.g., docusate)
- Osmotic laxatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol)
Timing is Key: Establishing a regular toileting routine can help train your body and promote consistency.

Remember to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new medication or supplement, especially if you are already taking other drugs.

Naproxen vs. Other Pain Relievers: Gastrointestinal Impact

To put the risk of naproxen-related constipation into perspective, it's helpful to compare its GI effects with other common pain relievers.


Pain Reliever	Type	Primary GI Mechanism	Constipation Risk	Other Common GI Side Effects
Naproxen	NSAID	Inhibits prostaglandins, disrupting gut lining and motility.	Present, but less common than other GI issues.	Nausea, heartburn, stomach pain.
Ibuprofen	NSAID	Similar to naproxen, inhibits prostaglandins.	Present, similar low-frequency risk to naproxen.	Nausea, heartburn, stomach pain.
Acetaminophen	Analgesic	Not an NSAID; primarily acts on the central nervous system.	Generally considered a very low risk for constipation.	Nausea and stomach pain are possible but less common than with NSAIDs.
Opioids	Opioid	Binds to receptors in the gut, significantly slowing down intestinal movement.	High risk, very common.	Nausea, vomiting.

This table highlights that while all NSAIDs carry a risk of GI side effects, the risk of constipation is notably lower than with opioid pain relievers. For individuals with specific concerns, acetaminophen may be a gentler alternative for pain, though it does not address inflammation. It is important to discuss these options with a doctor to determine the best choice for your individual needs.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While mild constipation is often managed at home, certain symptoms warrant a call to your doctor:

Persistent constipation that does not improve with lifestyle changes.
Severe abdominal pain or cramping.
Bloody or tarry stools, or vomiting that resembles coffee grounds.
Any sign of a serious allergic reaction, such as a rash or swelling.

These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying issue, such as an ulcer or GI bleeding, and require immediate medical evaluation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, naproxen does cause constipation for some individuals, though it is not one of the most common side effects. As an NSAID, it can disrupt the gut's protective mechanisms and affect normal digestive function. However, this issue can often be mitigated or prevented through simple measures like increasing fluid intake, consuming more fiber, and staying physically active. For those needing additional relief, over-the-counter products can help, but it's important to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure safety and effectiveness. By understanding the potential for this side effect and knowing how to manage it, individuals can continue to use naproxen effectively while minimizing digestive discomfort.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance regarding your health and medication.

Frequently Asked Questions

Constipation is a potential, but not the most common, side effect of naproxen. Other gastrointestinal issues, like nausea and heartburn, are reported more frequently.

Naproxen is an NSAID that works by inhibiting prostaglandins, which are protective of the gut lining. This can disrupt normal digestive processes and slow down intestinal motility, leading to constipation.

To prevent constipation, increase your fluid intake, add more fiber-rich foods to your diet, and engage in regular physical activity. Eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help with bowel regularity.

Taking naproxen with food is often recommended to reduce stomach irritation and other GI side effects like nausea and heartburn. While it may help mitigate overall GI distress, it is not a direct prevention method for constipation.

Increase your intake of water and fiber, and try to get some exercise. If this doesn't help, consider talking to your doctor about over-the-counter laxatives or stool softeners.

Yes, individuals taking higher doses, using naproxen long-term, or who are also taking other medications known to cause constipation (like opioids) are at a higher risk.

You should contact a doctor if your constipation is persistent, or if you experience severe abdominal pain, bloody or black stools, or any signs of a serious allergic reaction.