Does Wellbutrin lower stress? An In-depth Look at Bupropion and Anxiety

October 9, 2025 •

3 min read

According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, over 30% of Americans will be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder during their lifetime, making effective treatments crucial. When considering medication, the question, Does Wellbutrin lower stress?, is often raised, but the answer is complex and highly individualized.

Quick Summary

Wellbutrin's effect on stress and anxiety varies, helping some people by increasing motivation and energy but potentially heightening anxiety in others due to its stimulating nature. It is not FDA-approved for anxiety and is prescribed off-label for specific cases.

Key Points

Mechanism of Action: Wellbutrin is an NDRI, increasing norepinephrine and dopamine, which differentiates it from SSRIs that focus on serotonin.
Dual Effect on Stress: Wellbutrin can reduce stress linked to low energy and depression by boosting motivation, but its stimulating nature can also increase anxiety in susceptible individuals.
Off-Label Use: The FDA has not approved Wellbutrin specifically for anxiety disorders, so its use for this condition is considered "off-label".
Key Differences from SSRIs: Wellbutrin is less likely to cause weight gain and sexual side effects compared to SSRIs, making it an alternative for some patients.
Risk of Exacerbation: Those with a history of panic disorder or high baseline anxiety may experience worsened symptoms when starting Wellbutrin due to its stimulating effects.
Seizure Risk: A rare but serious side effect is seizures, and Wellbutrin is contraindicated for individuals with a history of seizures or eating disorders.
Holistic Treatment: For optimal results, Wellbutrin is often combined with other strategies like psychotherapy (e.g., CBT) and lifestyle adjustments.

Understanding Wellbutrin's Unique Mechanism

Wellbutrin, known generically as bupropion, is an atypical antidepressant classified as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). This distinguishes it from more common antidepressants like SSRIs and SNRIs. Instead of primarily impacting serotonin, Wellbutrin increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain.

Norepinephrine: This neurotransmitter plays a role in alertness, arousal, and the stress response. Increased levels can enhance energy and focus.
Dopamine: Associated with motivation, pleasure, and reward, dopamine enhancement can help alleviate the apathy and fatigue linked to depression and some forms of anxiety.

The Dual Effect on Stress: Relief and Exacerbation

The impact of Wellbutrin on stress is not simple due to its stimulating characteristics. While some find this leads to improved mood and motivation, aiding in stress management, others may experience increased anxiety, restlessness, or agitation.

When Wellbutrin May Reduce Stress

Wellbutrin can be beneficial for stress that accompanies major depressive disorder, particularly when symptoms include low energy. By elevating dopamine and norepinephrine, it can help restore the energy needed to engage in stress-reducing activities. It is also FDA-approved as Zyban for smoking cessation, helping to manage the stress of nicotine withdrawal. Furthermore, for individuals experiencing stress due to SSRI side effects like sexual dysfunction or weight gain, Wellbutrin may be a suitable alternative as it typically doesn't cause these issues.

When Wellbutrin May Increase Anxiety

Individuals with high baseline anxiety or conditions like generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) might find Wellbutrin's stimulating effects worsen their symptoms. The increase in norepinephrine can intensify the body's stress response, potentially causing restlessness and irritability. Anxiety may also temporarily increase during the initial weeks of treatment as the body adjusts. Those with a history of panic attacks may also face a higher risk of increased anxiety and jitteriness.

Wellbutrin vs. Other Anxiety Medications

Comparing Wellbutrin to other anxiety treatments reveals significant differences in their actions, intended uses, and side effects. The appropriate medication depends on an individual's specific symptoms and medical history.


Feature	Wellbutrin (Bupropion)	SSRIs (e.g., Zoloft, Lexapro)	SNRIs (e.g., Effexor, Cymbalta)
Mechanism of Action	NDRI, increases norepinephrine and dopamine.	SSRI, increases serotonin levels.	SNRI, increases serotonin and norepinephrine.
Primary FDA Use	MDD, SAD, Smoking Cessation.	MDD, GAD, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, etc..	MDD, GAD, Social Anxiety Disorder, etc..
Use for Anxiety	Off-label, may help with co-occurring depression or low energy; can worsen anxiety.	First-line treatment for most anxiety disorders.	Often first or second-line treatment for anxiety disorders.
Sexual Side Effects	Low risk; used to counter SSRI sexual side effects.	Common side effect.	Potential side effect.
Weight Effects	Weight-neutral or modest loss.	Can cause weight gain.	Can cause weight gain.
Stimulating vs. Sedating	More stimulating; can cause insomnia.	Can be sedating or activating.	Can be sedating or activating.

Important Considerations and Risks

A thorough discussion with a healthcare provider is essential before starting Wellbutrin due to its off-label use for anxiety and its unique risk profile.

Potential Side Effects

Common side effects include dry mouth, insomnia, headaches, and nausea. Rare but serious side effects can include seizures, particularly at higher doses or in vulnerable individuals, increased blood pressure, and worsening mood or suicidal thoughts.

Contraindications and Interactions

Wellbutrin is not suitable for individuals with a history of seizures, eating disorders, or those undergoing alcohol or sedative withdrawal. It also interacts with certain medications, such as MAO inhibitors, making a comprehensive medical history crucial.

The Role of Combined Therapy

Managing stress and anxiety effectively often requires a multi-faceted approach, and Wellbutrin is rarely the only intervention needed.

Combining Medication with Psychotherapy

Psychotherapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are highly effective for anxiety, helping individuals develop coping strategies by addressing problematic thought patterns. Mindfulness-based therapy can also help manage symptoms.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Regular exercise, healthy sleep habits, and a balanced diet are important for managing both stress and overall mental well-being.

Conclusion: Navigating Treatment with a Professional

The impact of Wellbutrin on stress is not universally the same. It may benefit those with stress linked to depression and low energy but could exacerbate anxiety in others, particularly those with a predisposition to high anxiety. Given its off-label use for anxiety and its distinct profile, professional guidance is crucial. A healthcare provider can assess individual needs, medical history, and treatment goals. For many, a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and therapy offers the most comprehensive approach to managing stress and anxiety.

Frequently Asked Questions

Wellbutrin (bupropion) works by increasing the brain's levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, unlike most antidepressants like SSRIs that primarily increase serotonin. This difference can mean fewer sexual side effects and a more energizing effect for some, but it may also increase anxiety for others.

Yes, Wellbutrin can cause or temporarily increase anxiety, jitteriness, and restlessness in some people, particularly during the first few weeks of treatment or after a dose change. This is due to its stimulating effect on norepinephrine. Symptoms often subside as your body adjusts.

No, Wellbutrin is not typically a first-line treatment for anxiety disorders and is not FDA-approved for this use. It is prescribed off-label for anxiety, especially when it co-occurs with depression, or when other antidepressants cause undesirable side effects like sexual dysfunction.

People with a history of seizures, eating disorders (anorexia or bulimia), or those prone to panic attacks should be cautious. The stimulating effects of Wellbutrin can be problematic for these individuals and can increase seizure risk.

Like other antidepressants, it can take several weeks for the full therapeutic effect of Wellbutrin to be felt. While some people may notice changes in energy or motivation within a week or two, it may take 4 to 8 weeks to assess its full impact on anxiety symptoms.

Yes, combining Wellbutrin with therapy, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), is often recommended for optimal results in managing anxiety. Therapy provides tools and coping mechanisms that address the psychological aspects of anxiety.

Alternatives to Wellbutrin for anxiety include SSRIs (like Zoloft, Lexapro), SNRIs (like Effexor, Cymbalta), benzodiazepines for short-term use, and non-addictive medications like buspirone. Lifestyle modifications and therapy are also highly effective options.

Yes, Wellbutrin is contraindicated for people with seizure disorders, anorexia nervosa, or bulimia. It can also cause or worsen anxiety, so a healthcare provider will carefully consider an individual's history before prescribing it for anxiety.