Understanding Edible Metabolism
When you consume a cannabis edible, the THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is processed differently than when it's inhaled [1.6.7]. The edible first travels through your digestive system to the liver [1.2.2]. In the liver, Delta-9-THC is converted into a more potent compound called 11-hydroxy-THC [1.2.1, 1.4.2]. This metabolite is stronger and crosses the blood-brain barrier more easily, which is why edibles often produce a more intense and longer-lasting high compared to smoking [1.2.1, 1.6.3].
The effects of an edible typically begin within 30 minutes to two hours, peak around three hours after consumption, and can last for six hours or more [1.2.1, 1.6.4]. Because of this delayed onset, it's easier to consume too much, leading to uncomfortable side effects [1.2.5].
Detection Windows for Edibles
THC from edibles can be detected by various drug tests, with the window of detection varying significantly based on the type of test administered [1.3.1]. Because edibles are metabolized more slowly, THC remains in the body longer compared to inhaled cannabis [1.2.4].
- Urine Tests: This is the most common form of testing [1.2.1]. For an occasional user, THC may be detectable in urine for 3 to 7 days [1.5.3]. For regular or chronic users, this window can extend to 30 days or even longer [1.2.1, 1.5.3].
- Blood Tests: Blood tests have a shorter detection window. THC from edibles is typically detectable in the blood for 3 to 4 days after use [1.2.1, 1.3.4]. In heavy users, it might be detectable for up to a week [1.5.4].
- Saliva Tests: Saliva tests can detect THC for 1 to 3 days after consumption [1.2.1, 1.3.1].
- Hair Follicle Tests: Hair tests offer the longest detection window. THC metabolites can be found in hair for up to 90 days after you've consumed an edible [1.2.1, 1.3.7].
Factors Influencing How Long THC Stays in Your System
The duration THC from an edible remains in your system isn't the same for everyone. Several individual factors can influence how quickly your body metabolizes and eliminates THC metabolites [1.2.6, 1.4.2]:
- Frequency of Use: How often you consume cannabis is a major factor. Chronic users have a buildup of THC in their system, which takes much longer to clear than for an occasional user [1.5.2]. The half-life of THC is about 1.3 days for infrequent users but can be from five to 13 days for frequent users [1.5.2].
- Dosage: Higher doses of THC will take longer for your body to process and eliminate [1.2.8].
- Metabolism: Individuals with a faster metabolic rate will process THC more quickly [1.4.2]. Age, physical activity, and overall health influence your metabolic rate [1.4.2].
- Body Fat (BMI): THC is a fat-soluble compound, meaning it is stored in the body's fat cells [1.2.6, 1.4.2]. People with a higher percentage of body fat may store THC for longer periods, releasing it slowly back into the bloodstream over time [1.2.8].
- Tolerance: A person who regularly uses cannabis may develop a tolerance, which can affect how their body metabolizes the substance [1.2.8].
- Hydration and Diet: While staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy diet can support your body's natural elimination processes, these factors have a minor impact compared to frequency of use and body fat [1.4.2]. Eating a high-fat meal before consuming an edible can sometimes increase the absorption of cannabinoids [1.4.9].
Edibles vs. Smoking: A Comparison
It's important to understand the key differences in how the body processes edibles versus inhaled cannabis, as this impacts both the user's experience and the detection window.
| Feature | Edibles (Ingestion) | Smoking/Vaping (Inhalation) |
|---|---|---|
| Onset of Effects | 30 minutes - 2 hours [1.2.1] | Within minutes [1.6.1] |
| Peak Effects | ~3 hours [1.6.4] | 30 - 60 minutes [1.2.1] |
| Duration of High | 4 - 12 hours [1.2.1] | 1 - 3 hours [1.6.3] |
| Metabolism Path | First passes through the liver, creating potent 11-hydroxy-THC [1.2.2] | Absorbed directly into the bloodstream via the lungs [1.6.1] |
| Detection Window | Generally longer due to slower metabolism and fat storage [1.3.3] | Shorter, as THC levels drop faster after effects wear off [1.2.4] |
Conclusion
Ultimately, there is no single answer to how long an edible will stay in your system. For a single use, THC may clear from the urine in as little as 3-7 days [1.5.3]. However, for regular users, it can take 30 days or more for the body to be completely clear of THC metabolites [1.5.3]. The longest detection window is with hair follicle tests, which can detect use for up to 90 days [1.3.7]. Individual factors such as use frequency, metabolism, and body fat play a crucial role in determining the exact timeframe.
For more information on cannabis and its effects, you can visit the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction.
