Understanding How Numbing Creams Work
To understand why timing is so important, it's essential to grasp the basic pharmacology behind how numbing creams function. Most products contain active ingredients like lidocaine, prilocaine, or benzocaine, which are local anesthetics. Lidocaine is the most common and works by blocking sodium channels in the nerve endings of the skin. By disrupting the flow of sodium ions, the nerve cells are temporarily prevented from sending pain signals to the brain. The result is a numb, tingling sensation in the treated area.
For this nerve-blocking action to occur effectively, the cream needs adequate time to absorb into the dermal layers. Applying it too early can result in the effects wearing off mid-session, while applying it too late means the numbing hasn't fully taken hold by the time the tattoo begins. This is why the standard 60- to 90-minute window, when properly followed, offers the most reliable results.
Step-by-Step Guide for Optimal Application
Achieving the best results with numbing cream requires more than just applying it. Proper technique ensures maximum absorption and effectiveness, and the following steps are crucial:
- Prep the Area: Start with a clean, shaven patch of skin. Wash the area gently with antibacterial soap and warm water to remove any dirt or oils that could act as a barrier to the cream's absorption. Pat the area completely dry.
- Apply a Thick Layer: Using disposable gloves to protect your fingers, apply a generous, thick layer of cream to the skin. Think of it like icing a cake—you should see a solid, visible layer of the cream on the surface, about 2-3 millimeters thick. Do not rub it in completely like a lotion.
- Occlude with Plastic Wrap: Immediately cover the treated area tightly with plastic wrap. This process, called occlusion, serves two main purposes: it prevents the cream from drying out and traps body heat, which activates the anesthetic ingredients and enhances their absorption. Use medical tape to secure the wrap if needed.
- Wait for 60-90 Minutes: This is the crucial timing step. Leave the cream and wrap on for the recommended 60 to 90 minutes. Some products suggest a specific time, so always defer to the manufacturer's instructions. For most strong lidocaine-based creams, this is the ideal window for the full numbing effect to take hold.
- Remove and Clean: When your artist is ready to begin, remove the plastic wrap and thoroughly wipe off all excess cream with a paper towel. It's vital that no cream remains on the skin, as it can interfere with the stencil and the tattooing process itself. Don't worry—the numbing effect will persist long after the cream is removed.
Comparison of Timing & Effect
| Application Time | Effectiveness | Potential Risks/Issues |
|---|---|---|
| Too Short (<60 min) | Low to moderate. The numbing agents may not have fully penetrated the skin. | Pain relief may be inconsistent or insufficient. The cream could interfere with the stencil. |
| Optimal (60-90 min) | High. The numbing effect is at its peak and can last 3-4 hours after removal. | Minimal, assuming proper application and no allergies. This timing is standard for most products. |
| Too Long (>90 min) | Effectiveness may be decreased as the cream's initial peak wears off, depending on the product. | Higher risk of skin irritation and systemic absorption (lidocaine toxicity). Could also lead to altered skin texture. |
The Dangers of Leaving Numbing Cream on Too Long
While leaving the cream on longer might seem like a good way to extend the numbing, it can pose serious risks. Overuse or improper application, such as leaving a high-concentration lidocaine cream on for an extended period, can lead to the drug absorbing into the bloodstream. This can cause systemic effects, a condition known as lidocaine toxicity.
Symptoms of Lidocaine Toxicity
- Dizziness, lightheadedness, or confusion
- Blurred vision or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Numbness or tingling around the mouth or tongue
- Irregular heartbeat, slowed breathing, or seizures in severe cases
It is critical to only use numbing cream as directed and never apply it to broken or irritated skin. For significant discomfort or signs of a severe reaction, seek immediate medical attention.
Expert Considerations: The Tattoo Artist's Perspective
Before applying any numbing cream, it is essential to communicate with your tattoo artist. Not all artists endorse or are comfortable with working on numbed skin. There are several professional considerations:
- Altered Skin Texture: Some artists report that numbing creams can slightly alter the skin's texture, making it more difficult to work with. The skin can become rubbery, slippery, or swollen, which can impact the ink saturation and the overall quality of the tattoo.
- Loss of Pain as a Guide: For experienced artists, a client's pain feedback can act as a crucial guide for determining the correct needle depth. Numbing the skin removes this indicator, which could lead to overworking the area without realizing it.
- Uneven Ink Absorption: In some cases, the cream can create an uneven canvas for the ink, potentially leading to blotchy or faded results over time.
Ultimately, open communication with your artist is key to a successful session and a beautiful tattoo. They can advise you on their preference and any potential impact on the final design.
Conclusion
For those seeking to minimize pain during a tattoo, proper use of a topical numbing cream can be a game-changer. The optimal window to allow numbing cream to take effect is typically 60 to 90 minutes, with the area occluded by plastic wrap to enhance absorption. However, the process requires careful preparation and adherence to manufacturer instructions to ensure both effectiveness and safety. Leaving the cream on for too long or applying it improperly can lead to reduced numbing, skin irritation, or even systemic complications due to lidocaine toxicity. Always perform a patch test beforehand and, most importantly, have an open conversation with your tattoo artist about your plans. Their experience working with numbed skin is invaluable and can help you achieve the best possible result while staying safe. For more information on safe practices, you can review expert guidance from sources such as the dermatologists quoted in this Byrdie article.
