Understanding how lidocaine works for sore throats
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that works by temporarily blocking the nerve signals that transmit pain from the throat to the brain. When applied to the inflamed or irritated mucous membranes, it provides a powerful numbing effect, offering rapid relief from soreness and discomfort. While lidocaine is a potent pain reliever, it is essential to understand that it only treats the symptom (pain) and does not address the underlying cause of the sore throat, such as a viral or bacterial infection.
Prescription viscous lidocaine vs. over-the-counter options
It is crucial to distinguish between different lidocaine products. Prescription-strength viscous lidocaine solution is a thick liquid formulated for more severe conditions like mucositis caused by chemotherapy. It is not typically recommended for routine sore throats from a cold or flu and must be used with careful medical supervision. Over-the-counter (OTC) throat sprays and lozenges, which may contain lidocaine or other topical anesthetics like benzocaine or phenol, are more accessible for minor discomfort. These OTC products contain lower concentrations and are generally safer for short-term, self-managed use, though package directions must still be followed precisely.
Step-by-step guide on how to use lidocaine for a sore throat
Using viscous lidocaine solution for a sore throat involves specific steps to ensure safety and effectiveness. Always follow your doctor's instructions precisely, as usage method can vary based on individual needs and condition severity.
Preparation and measurement
- Shake the bottle thoroughly before each use to ensure the medication is properly mixed.
- Measure the dose accurately using the provided measuring device or a calibrated spoon, not a standard kitchen spoon.
- Do not dilute the viscous solution with water unless specifically instructed by your doctor.
Application for throat pain
- Gargle the solution in the back of your throat for a specific duration as instructed by your healthcare provider, often around 30 seconds.
- Swallow or spit out the solution as directed by your healthcare provider. For throat pain, swallowing is sometimes recommended to numb the esophagus, but this should only be done if a doctor has approved it.
Key usage precautions
- Frequency: Follow the frequency guidelines provided by your healthcare professional or the product labeling.
- Children: For children, dosage is based on weight and age, and they should be carefully monitored. Use in infants and children under a specific age is highly restricted and should be avoided due to the risk of serious side effects, including seizures and cardiopulmonary arrest. Consult a healthcare provider for guidance on pediatric use.
- Waiting period: Because lidocaine numbs the throat and can affect the ability to swallow, do not eat or drink for a specific period after using the medication, often at least one hour. This prevents choking or accidentally biting your tongue or cheek.
Using lidocaine throat sprays
For OTC sprays, the process is slightly different but still requires care. Read the product-specific instructions, but generally, you will:
- Aim the nozzle toward the sore areas of your throat.
- Spray the recommended number of pumps directly onto the affected area as indicated on the product labeling.
- Wait for the numbing effect to take hold, which typically happens within a few minutes.
Important safety information and side effects
While lidocaine is generally well-tolerated when used correctly, improper use can cause significant side effects. These risks are elevated with higher doses or more frequent use than prescribed.
Possible side effects
- Local side effects: Mild stinging, burning, or irritation at the application site are possible but usually not serious.
- Systemic side effects: Signs of too much lidocaine entering the bloodstream include dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, ringing in the ears, and a metallic taste. These require immediate medical attention.
- Allergic reactions: Though rare, a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) can occur, with symptoms like swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, hives, or breathing problems.
- Methemoglobinemia: A rare but serious blood disorder where red blood cells can't carry enough oxygen. Symptoms include pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, headache, and shortness of breath.
Cautions and who should avoid lidocaine
- Medical Conditions: Individuals with heart problems, liver disease, or certain blood disorders should use lidocaine with extreme caution and under a doctor's guidance.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of lidocaine use during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
- Interactions: Inform your doctor about any other medications, supplements, or topical products you are using, as interactions can increase the risk of side effects.
- Teething in infants: Never use viscous lidocaine for teething pain in infants, as it has been linked to serious side effects and death in this population.
Comparison of sore throat treatments
| Feature | Lidocaine (Prescription Viscous) | OTC Sore Throat Sprays | OTC Lozenges | Home Remedies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Ingredient | Lidocaine HCl | Benzocaine, Phenol, Menthol | Benzocaine, Menthol, Pectin | Salt water, honey, tea |
| Primary Action | Blocks nerve signals for strong numbing | Numbing and/or cooling sensation | Numbing and soothing coating | Soothing and antiseptic properties |
| Potency | High; for severe pain | Moderate; for minor pain | Mild to moderate; for general irritation | Mild; for soothing comfort |
| Duration of Relief | Can be longer-lasting | Varies by product; typically shorter | Varies by product; some can last longer | Short-term comfort |
| Availability | Prescription only | Available OTC in pharmacies and stores | Available OTC in pharmacies and stores | Widely available ingredients |
| Considerations | Requires strict adherence to medical supervision; not for colds. | Follow package instructions; avoid for severe pain. | Risk of choking, especially in children. | Safe, but may not be sufficient for severe pain. |
Conclusion
Lidocaine can be a highly effective medication for numbing the severe pain associated with an irritated or inflamed throat, particularly in the form of a prescription viscous solution. However, its use requires careful attention to safety guidelines to minimize the risk of serious side effects. For minor sore throat pain, over-the-counter sprays and lozenges or simple home remedies offer safer, more accessible alternatives. Always consult a healthcare professional before using lidocaine, especially for children or if your condition is severe or persistent. Proper usage and an understanding of the risks are key to safe and effective pain relief. You can find additional authoritative information on the proper use of viscous lidocaine on the National Library of Medicine's DailyMed website.
