Medical Disclaimer
Information is for general knowledge, should not be taken as medical advice, and you should consult with a healthcare provider.
Understanding Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
Frozen shoulder, clinically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition marked by pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. Its lifetime prevalence is estimated at 2% to 5% of the population, most commonly affecting individuals between 40 and 60 years old. The condition typically progresses through three distinct stages:
- Freezing Stage (Painful Stage): Lasting from six weeks to nine months, this initial stage is characterized by the gradual onset of shoulder pain, which leads to a progressive loss of range of motion.
- Frozen Stage (Adhesive Stage): During this stage, which can last from four to nine months, pain may begin to subside, but the shoulder becomes significantly stiffer, making daily activities difficult.
- Thawing Stage (Recovery): This final stage involves a gradual improvement in shoulder mobility. The recovery period can be lengthy, ranging from five months to over two years.
Certain conditions like diabetes and thyroid disease are significant risk factors for developing frozen shoulder.
What is Naproxen and How Does It Work?
Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly available over-the-counter (e.g., Aleve) and by prescription. Like other NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen works by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in the body. These enzymes produce prostaglandins, which are chemicals that cause inflammation and pain. By reducing prostaglandin production, naproxen effectively alleviates pain and diminishes inflammation, which are primary symptoms in the early phase of frozen shoulder. Its duration of action is typically longer than that of ibuprofen, making it a suitable option for persistent pain.
Is Naproxen an Effective Treatment?
For frozen shoulder, naproxen serves as a helpful tool for symptom management, not a cure. Its primary benefit is reducing pain and inflammation, particularly in the painful "freezing" stage. This pain relief can make it easier for patients to tolerate the physical therapy exercises that are crucial for restoring range of motion.
However, NSAIDs like naproxen are considered less effective for direct treatment than corticosteroid injections, especially for short-term remission. Evidence suggests that NSAIDs have not demonstrated great efficacy in improving pain or function compared to a placebo for individuals with prolonged symptoms. Therefore, naproxen is best viewed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that often includes physical therapy and possibly other medical interventions.
Naproxen vs. Other Frozen Shoulder Treatments
A multi-faceted approach is often the most effective way to manage frozen shoulder. Here’s how naproxen compares to other common treatments:
| Treatment | How It Works | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naproxen (NSAID) | Reduces inflammation and pain by blocking COX enzymes. | Easily accessible (OTC/prescription), reduces pain to enable therapy. | Can cause gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects; less effective than steroids. |
| Ibuprofen (NSAID) | Similar mechanism to naproxen, but shorter-acting. | Acts faster than naproxen for acute pain. | Requires more frequent dosing; similar side effect profile to naproxen. |
| Corticosteroid Injections | A powerful anti-inflammatory steroid is injected directly into the shoulder joint. | Provides significant short-term pain relief; more effective than NSAIDs for remission. | Pain relief can be temporary; potential for side effects like transiently high blood sugar. |
| Physical Therapy | Uses targeted stretching and range-of-motion exercises to restore mobility. | Essential for long-term recovery of motion and function; non-invasive. | Can be painful, especially in the freezing stage; requires consistent commitment. |
Risks and Considerations
It is essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting naproxen. Long-term use of naproxen carries risks, including serious gastrointestinal issues like ulcers and bleeding, as well as an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Individuals with a history of heart, kidney, or stomach problems should be especially cautious and speak with a doctor before use.
Conclusion
So, is naproxen good for frozen shoulder? Yes, it is a beneficial medication for managing the pain and inflammation associated with the condition, particularly in the initial, painful freezing stage. By reducing symptoms, naproxen can be a critical bridge that allows patients to engage more effectively in physical therapy, which is the cornerstone of regaining long-term shoulder mobility. However, naproxen does not treat the underlying capsular adhesions and is less potent than corticosteroid injections for providing rapid relief. It should be used as one component of a comprehensive treatment strategy developed with a healthcare professional, always weighing its benefits against potential side effects.
For more information on the diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis, you can visit the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/frozen-shoulder-adhesive-capsulitis/
