Understanding Soma (Carisoprodol)
Soma is the brand name for the drug carisoprodol, which belongs to a class of medications known as skeletal muscle relaxants [1.9.1, 1.9.3]. It is primarily prescribed for the short-term relief of acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions, such as those from sprains or muscle injuries [1.10.2, 1.10.4]. Carisoprodol works by acting on the central nervous system (CNS), specifically by interrupting pain sensations between the nerves and the brain, rather than acting on the muscles directly [1.9.1, 1.5.2]. Due to its potential for abuse and dependence, its use is typically limited to two to three weeks [1.9.1]. Carisoprodol itself is not an opioid. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classifies carisoprodol as a Schedule IV controlled substance, indicating a potential for abuse [1.7.1, 1.9.4]. Its effects are related to its main metabolite, meprobamate, which has sedative and anti-anxiety properties [1.5.2].
The Combination: Soma Compound with Codeine
While the standard Soma tablet does not contain codeine, there is a combination product called Soma Compound with Codeine [1.2.1, 1.2.4]. This formulation contains three active ingredients:
- Carisoprodol (200 mg): The muscle relaxant.
- Aspirin (325 mg): A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain and inflammation [1.2.4, 1.4.1].
- Codeine Phosphate (16 mg): A narcotic analgesic (opioid) that acts on the central nervous system to relieve pain [1.2.4, 1.4.1].
This combination product is indicated when the additional pain-relieving action of an opioid is desired along with muscle relaxation [1.3.5]. Because it contains codeine, Soma Compound with Codeine is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance, facing stricter regulation than carisoprodol alone [1.6.1]. It is important to note that this specific combination product has been discontinued in the United States [1.4.5].
Carisoprodol vs. Codeine: A Comparison
The key difference between carisoprodol and codeine lies in their drug class and mechanism of action. Carisoprodol is a muscle relaxant, while codeine is an opioid pain reliever.
| Feature | Carisoprodol (Soma) | Codeine |
|---|---|---|
| Drug Class | Skeletal Muscle Relaxant [1.9.1] | Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesic [1.4.1] |
| Mechanism | Acts centrally in the brain and spinal cord to block pain sensation and relax muscles [1.5.2]. | Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS to change the perception of pain [1.2.4]. |
| Primary Use | Short-term relief of acute, painful muscle spasms [1.10.4]. | Relief of mild to moderate pain [1.2.4]. |
| DEA Schedule | Schedule IV [1.7.1] | Schedule II (when alone), III or V in combinations [1.3.5, 1.6.1]. |
| Common Side Effects | Drowsiness, dizziness, headache [1.8.4]. | Nausea, vomiting, constipation, sedation [1.2.4]. |
Risks of Combining Soma (Carisoprodol) and Opioids
Combining carisoprodol with any opioid, including codeine, significantly increases the risk of adverse effects. Both are central nervous system depressants, and their sedative effects are additive [1.3.4, 1.6.3]. This combination can lead to:
- Profound sedation and drowsiness
- Life-threatening respiratory depression (slowed or stopped breathing)
- Dizziness and impaired motor coordination
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Coma and death [1.6.2, 1.6.4]
Using carisoprodol with other CNS depressants like alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other opioids is strongly discouraged without strict medical supervision [1.3.3, 1.6.4]. Abusers sometimes combine Soma with opioids like Vicodin (hydrocodone) to produce a heroin-like effect, a practice that is extremely dangerous [1.7.3].
Conclusion: Clarifying the Ingredients
In conclusion, the standalone medication Soma contains only carisoprodol and does not have codeine. However, a specific, now-discontinued combination product, Soma Compound with Codeine, did include codeine along with aspirin [1.2.4, 1.4.5]. It is crucial for patients to know exactly which medication they have been prescribed. Given the serious risks of combining carisoprodol and opioids, patients should never mix these substances and should always inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to avoid dangerous drug interactions [1.3.4].
For authoritative information on medication, consult a healthcare professional. One resource for drug information is the FDA's drug information portal.
