Tag: Bacteriology

Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928, antibiotics have revolutionized medicine [1.14.1]. So, what are the 5 mechanisms of action of antibiotics? These vital drugs combat bacteria by targeting five primary pathways, from disrupting cell walls to halting metabolic processes [1.2.2, 1.2.3].

According to a prospective observational study published in 2018, nitrofurantoin, the active ingredient in Macrobid, demonstrated a clinical and microbiological success rate of 71-76% in treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by *Aerococcus urinae*. This makes it a valid first-line option for certain *Aerococcus* infections, though its effectiveness is influenced by the specific species and infection severity.

Most anaerobic bacteria are intrinsically resistant to aminoglycoside antimicrobial agents due to their lack of oxygen-dependent transport systems required for drug uptake. This poses significant challenges for treatment, highlighting the critical need to identify **what bacteria are resistant to aminoglycosides** before prescribing.