Tag: Dopamine receptors

According to clinical trial data, parkinsonism—a movement disorder that includes rigidity—was reported in up to 25% of risperidone-treated adults with bipolar mania. This fact underscores why the question, **Does risperidone cause rigidity?**, is a crucial one for both patients and healthcare providers to address.

Clozapine is widely recognized as the gold-standard treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, a condition where other antipsychotics have failed. This unique efficacy is attributed to its complex and multifaceted pharmacological profile, a core component of which is the answer to the question: **What is the MOA of clozapine?**.

Estimates suggest that drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the second most common cause of parkinsonism after idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Understanding **which antipsychotics are lowest risk of parkinsonism** is a critical consideration in psychiatric pharmacology to mitigate this significant side effect. The risk varies considerably between medication types, with atypical antipsychotics generally offering a safer alternative to their first-generation counterparts.

Originally recognized for its cardioprotective effects in treating angina, trimetazidine is a metabolic agent that also exerts significant effects within the central nervous system. By shifting cellular energy metabolism and inhibiting oxidative damage, trimetazidine affects the brain through a multi-faceted mechanism, with both therapeutic potential and notable side effects.

For centuries, the ergot fungus, *Claviceps purpurea*, contaminated rye and other grains, causing deadly outbreaks of ergotism that revealed what does ergot do to humans through severe gangrene and hallucinations. This parasitic fungus produces powerful alkaloids that have historically caused widespread suffering, but are now harnessed in modern pharmacology for therapeutic benefits.

According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), about 1% of US adults live with schizophrenia, a condition often managed with antipsychotic medications like Rexulti. Understanding **what is the pharmacology of Rexulti** reveals how its unique mechanism of action addresses the neurotransmitter imbalances associated with conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's-related agitation.

Pharmacologically, Stemetil—whose active ingredient is prochlorperazine—functions primarily as a dopamine antagonist, meaning it directly blocks dopamine receptors in the brain to achieve its therapeutic effects. This mechanism is crucial for its use in treating severe nausea, vomiting, and certain mental health conditions.

Dopamine-blocking drugs, also known as dopamine antagonists, function by binding to and blocking dopamine receptors on nerve cells in the brain, thereby preventing dopamine from activating those cells. This pharmacological action is central to treating a range of medical conditions, from severe psychiatric disorders to nausea and vomiting.