Tag: Drug development

In 2019, bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was directly responsible for an estimated 1.27 million deaths worldwide [1.6.1, 1.6.6]. This staggering statistic highlights the urgent question many are asking: **What is the universal antibiotic** that could combat this growing threat?

The median cost of bringing a new drug to market can be around $985 million, with an average cost of $1.3 billion [1.4.3]. The lengthy and expensive process that answers the question, **what is it called when a drug is being tested,** is known as a **clinical trial** [1.2.2].

According to the Georgetown University Office of the Vice President for Research, over 90% of drug candidates fail during clinical trials, highlighting the rigorous testing process required for drug approval. A new medication must undergo three main types of tests used on drugs: preclinical studies, clinical trials, and ongoing toxicological monitoring after market release.

According to the FDA, less than 10% of drugs that enter clinical trials ultimately receive approval. Understanding what are the three main stages of drug testing is crucial for grasping the rigorous process that ensures new medications are both safe and effective before they reach the public.

In 2022, the global market for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) like PROCRIT was valued at approximately $4.8 billion, a testament to the high demand and equally high cost of these vital medications. This article explores the multifaceted reasons why is PROCRIT so expensive, examining the key drivers that contribute to its premium price tag.

According to recent guidelines presented at Digestive Disease Week 2025, a paradigm shift is underway in the management of portal hypertension, with a stronger endorsement of carvedilol as a preferred medication. While no single medication has been designated definitively as "what is the new drug for portal hypertension?", research is actively focused on targeted therapies and optimizing existing treatments.

With a single drug discovery program costing hundreds of millions to billions of dollars and taking over a decade to complete, modern pharmacology has moved beyond trial-and-error. This shift has redefined **what is the primary goal of drug design**, which now focuses on the rational, data-driven creation of molecules that are highly effective, selective, and safe.

Made from living organisms, biologics are thousands of times larger and more complex than traditional small-molecule drugs like aspirin. This fundamental difference in origin and structure is key to understanding how are biologics different from other drugs and why they represent a paradigm shift in modern medicine.

The life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis has dramatically improved over the past few decades, largely thanks to breakthrough medications called CFTR modulators. In late 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a powerful new triple-combination therapy called Alyftrek, building on the success of its predecessors and providing an important answer to the question: **What is the new drug for cystic fibrosis?**.

The FDA drug approval process typically takes 12-15 years and involves a series of rigorous stages to ensure safety and effectiveness for consumers. Understanding **how many stages are in FDA approval** is crucial for anyone interested in the development of new medications, from researchers and industry professionals to patients hoping for new treatments. This complex path ensures that a drug's benefits outweigh its potential risks before it becomes available to the public.