Tag: Monitoring

First described by Dr. Arthur Guedel in 1937 based on ether, the classical **what are the 4 stages of anesthesia?** classification provides a foundational understanding of central nervous system depression, though modern anesthetic agents and monitoring have altered their clinical manifestation.

While traditionally understood not to interfere with the International Normalized Ratio (INR), a 2018 study suggested that enoxaparin may cause a slight increase in post-operative INR levels, contrasting the typical monitoring protocols for low-molecular-weight heparins. This nuance highlights the critical distinction in how different anticoagulants function and are measured, particularly when considering the question: **Does enoxaparin affect INR?**

Prolonged linezolid therapy, especially for more than 14 days, significantly increases the risk of serious adverse effects, including myelosuppression and neuropathy. Healthcare providers must be vigilant in monitoring patients to ensure safety and enable early intervention. This article will explore which of the following should be monitored if linezolid is given for more than 14 days, highlighting the key risks and management strategies for extended treatment.

Studies show that despite rigorous patient monitoring, gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity still appears in 10–25% of therapeutic courses. To mitigate risks, knowing what to monitor when on gentamicin is crucial for safe and effective treatment with this powerful aminoglycoside antibiotic.

While methotrexate is a highly effective treatment for various conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, it is known to cause liver enzyme elevations and, in rare cases, more serious liver damage. Fortunately, with proper monitoring and proactive measures, patients can significantly reduce the risk and protect their liver while on methotrexate.