Tag: Physiology

Pupil dilation, or mydriasis, can be triggered by a wide array of factors, from changes in light to emotional responses and, notably, exposure to certain drugs. The question of 'what drug causes eyes to get big' points to a specific physiological response where substances interfere with the nervous system's control over the eye's muscles. This article explores the pharmacological mechanisms behind drug-induced mydriasis and lists common culprits.

Blood pressure regulation is a complex process involving both the widening (vasodilation) and narrowing (vasoconstriction) of blood vessels. When answering the question, 'Which of the following chemicals cause vasodilation except?', the focus shifts from relaxing agents to constricting ones, which are crucial for maintaining hemodynamic balance.

As core body temperature drops, heart rate decreases proportionally, with some studies in therapeutic hypothermia showing a reduction of around 10 beats per minute for every degree Celsius lost. This slowing, known as hypothermic bradycardia, is a direct and predictable physiological response to cold exposure, explaining why hypothermia leads to bradycardia.

Pharmacogenomics experts estimate that genetic factors account for 20 to 95 percent of patient variability in drug response. Understanding what are the 5 factors affecting drug metabolism is critical for optimizing medication therapy and preventing adverse reactions, as a drug's effectiveness can vary significantly from person to person.

It is estimated that most medications administered to a pregnant mother will cross the placenta to some degree. A complex interplay of drug characteristics, transport mechanisms, and physiological changes determines precisely **how drugs are transferred across the placenta**.