Tag: Selective toxicity

Many common antiseptics are toxic to human cells, not just microbes [1.2.1]. This fundamental cytotoxicity is the primary reason behind the critical question: Why can't antiseptics be used inside the body? Their non-selective nature causes significant harm internally.

According to pharmacists, beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins are generally considered to be among the **least toxic antibiotic** classes for humans due to their high degree of selective toxicity. However, the safety profile of any antibiotic depends on individual patient factors, including allergies, existing health conditions, and drug interactions.

Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich introduced the concept of selective toxicity, his "magic bullet" theory, in the early 20th century, envisioning a chemical agent that could eliminate pathogens without damaging the host. This idea became the guiding principle for creating the safer and more effective medications we use today.

The core principle of antimicrobial therapy is selective toxicity, the ability of a drug to harm an invading microorganism without harming the host [1.2.4]. Understanding **what is meant by selective toxicity** is fundamental to developing safe and effective medications, from antibiotics to chemotherapy agents [1.2.6].

Each year, at least 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the United States, a fact that highlights the primary reason no single antibiotic kills all bacteria. A misconception that a 'universal cure' for all bacterial infections exists can lead to antibiotic misuse and further accelerate resistance, threatening global public health.