Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a plant celebrated for its rich nutritional profile, containing vitamins, antioxidants, and fatty acids [1.2.1, 1.6.6]. Its berries, oil, and leaves are used in supplements, foods, and cosmetics for various purported health benefits, from skin health to cardiovascular support [1.2.1, 1.4.5]. However, its potent bioactive compounds mean it can also interact with certain medications and may not be suitable for everyone. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional before adding sea buckthorn to your regimen, particularly if you are managing existing health conditions or taking other drugs [1.4.5].
Key Medication and Supplement Interactions
Sea buckthorn has properties that can affect the body's systems, primarily blood clotting and blood pressure. This creates a risk of moderate interactions with medications designed to influence these same systems [1.2.2, 1.6.1].
Medications that Slow Blood Clotting (Anticoagulants / Antiplatelets)
One of the most significant concerns is sea buckthorn's potential to slow blood clotting [1.5.3]. When combined with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, this effect can be amplified, increasing the risk of bruising and serious bleeding [1.2.2, 1.5.7]. Individuals taking these medications should exercise caution.
- Examples of interacting medications include: Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen, enoxaparin (Lovenox), and diclofenac (Voltaren) [1.2.2, 1.5.4].
- Herbal supplements with similar effects: Combining sea buckthorn with other supplements that slow blood clotting, such as garlic, ginger, ginkgo, and Panax ginseng, can also increase bleeding risk [1.2.6].
Medications for High Blood Pressure (Antihypertensives)
Sea buckthorn might lower blood pressure [1.6.1]. While this can be beneficial for some, taking it alongside antihypertensive medications could cause blood pressure to drop too low (hypotension) [1.2.2, 1.4.2]. Symptoms of excessively low blood pressure include dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. Close monitoring of blood pressure is advised if combining them [1.6.1].
- Examples of interacting medications include: Captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), and amlodipine (Norvasc) [1.2.2, 1.6.7].
- Herbal supplements with similar effects: Supplements like andrographis, L-arginine, and niacin can also lower blood pressure and should be used cautiously with sea buckthorn [1.2.6].
Diabetes Medications
Some animal studies and limited human research suggest sea buckthorn may lower blood sugar levels by improving insulin sensitivity [1.3.8, 1.4.4]. People taking blood sugar-lowering medications for diabetes should be cautious, as the combination could lead to hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood sugar) [1.2.5]. It's crucial to speak with a healthcare provider before using sea buckthorn if you have diabetes [1.4.4].
Comparison of Potential Interactions
| Medication / Condition | Potential Interaction with Sea Buckthorn | Risk Level | Examples of Medications/Supplements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets | Increased risk of bleeding and bruising due to additive blood-thinning effects [1.5.3]. | Moderate | Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin, ibuprofen, garlic, ginkgo [1.2.2, 1.2.6]. |
| Antihypertensives | Potential for blood pressure to become too low (hypotension) [1.2.2, 1.6.1]. | Moderate | Losartan (Cozaar), amlodipine (Norvasc), furosemide (Lasix), L-arginine [1.2.2, 1.2.6]. |
| Diabetes Medications | Potential for blood sugar levels to drop too low (hypoglycemia) [1.2.5]. | Moderate | Metformin, sitagliptin (Januvia), other antidiabetic drugs [1.2.1, 1.2.5]. |
| Surgery | Increased risk of extra bleeding during and after the procedure [1.4.2]. | High | It is recommended to stop sea buckthorn at least 2 weeks before surgery [1.4.2, 1.5.3]. |
Populations Who Should Exercise Caution
Beyond specific medication interactions, certain groups should avoid or be cautious with sea buckthorn:
- Individuals with Bleeding Disorders: Due to its effect on blood clotting, sea buckthorn could increase the risk of bruising and bleeding in people with these conditions [1.4.2].
- People with Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): As sea buckthorn can lower blood pressure, it might cause it to become too low in those who already have hypotension [1.2.2].
- Individuals Undergoing Surgery: It is strongly recommended to stop taking sea buckthorn at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery to prevent excessive bleeding [1.4.2, 1.5.3].
- Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: There is not enough reliable information to determine the safety of sea buckthorn during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. It's best to avoid use [1.3.6, 1.4.2].
- Individuals with certain liver or pancreas conditions: Some sources recommend avoiding sea buckthorn with conditions like hepatitis or pancreatitis, as it could potentially increase the burden on these organs [1.4.7].
Conclusion
While sea buckthorn is a nutrient-rich supplement with many potential benefits, it is not without risks. Its ability to slow blood clotting and lower blood pressure makes it a substance that requires careful consideration, especially for individuals taking medications for heart conditions, blood pressure, or diabetes. Always consult with a doctor or pharmacist before introducing sea buckthorn or any new supplement into your routine to ensure it is safe for you and to avoid potentially harmful interactions [1.4.5].
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or medication.
