What is Adderall?
Adderall is a prescription medication that combines two central nervous system stimulants: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine [1.5.3]. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996, it is primarily prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, a condition causing excessive daytime sleepiness [1.5.1, 1.5.3]. The medication works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain [1.5.1]. These neurotransmitters are crucial for attention, focus, and impulse control. For individuals with ADHD, Adderall can improve focus, reduce impulsivity, and calm hyperactivity [1.5.3]. In those without ADHD, the drug can produce feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and heightened concentration [1.5.3]. It is classified by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) as a Schedule II controlled substance, indicating it has a high potential for abuse and dependence [1.6.3, 1.8.4].
Common Slang and Street Names for Adderall
When Adderall is used non-medically, it is often referred to by a variety of slang terms or street names. These nicknames are used to conceal the substance being discussed from authorities, family, or peers [1.3.3]. The most common slang terms are derived from the drug's name, its effects, or its appearance.
Common Nicknames:
- Addys/Addies: Simple abbreviations of the brand name [1.2.1, 1.2.2].
- Study Buddies/Smart Pills: These names refer to its reputation for enhancing academic performance and cognitive function, making it popular among students [1.2.1, 1.2.2].
- Speed/Uppers: General terms for stimulants that describe the drug's energizing effects [1.2.1, 1.2.3].
- Bennies/Black Beauties: Historical slang terms for amphetamines that are also applied to Adderall [1.2.1, 1.2.3].
- Copilots/Truck Drivers: Slang that alludes to the drug's use for staying awake and alert for long periods [1.2.1, 1.2.4].
- Beans: A term that likely originates from the pill's small, round shape [1.2.1, 1.2.6].
- A-Train, Amps, Dexies, Pep Pills, Zing: Other documented street names [1.2.2, 1.2.4, 1.3.1].
The Dangers of Non-Prescription Use
Using Adderall without a prescription is illegal and carries significant health risks [1.6.2, 1.6.3]. Misuse includes taking the drug without a prescription, taking higher doses than prescribed, or altering the method of administration, such as by crushing and snorting the pills [1.8.4].
Short-term side effects can include increased heart rate and blood pressure, nervousness, anxiety, trouble sleeping, and appetite loss [1.5.2, 1.5.6]. More severe risks associated with misuse include heart problems, psychosis, paranoia, seizures, and addiction [1.6.5, 1.8.4]. Long-term misuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence, where the brain's reward system is altered, making it difficult to feel pleasure without the drug [1.9.2]. Chronic abuse can also result in malnutrition, cardiovascular damage, and an increased risk of heart attack or stroke [1.9.3, 1.9.4]. Emergency room visits related to non-prescription Adderall use have risen significantly, highlighting the serious dangers involved [1.6.2].
Adderall vs. Other Stimulants
Adderall is often compared to Ritalin (methylphenidate), another common stimulant for ADHD. While both are effective, they have different active ingredients and mechanisms.
| Feature | Adderall (Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine) | Ritalin (Methylphenidate) |
|---|---|---|
| Active Ingredient | Combination of amphetamine salts [1.7.5] | Methylphenidate hydrochloride [1.7.4] |
| Mechanism | Increases release and blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine [1.7.1, 1.7.3] | Primarily blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine [1.7.3] |
| Onset & Duration | Starts working in 30-60 minutes; immediate-release lasts 4-6 hours, extended-release (XR) up to 12 hours [1.7.4, 1.7.5] | Starts working in 20-30 minutes; immediate-release lasts 3-5 hours [1.7.4, 1.7.1] |
| Potency | Considered more potent; a smaller dose is needed for a comparable effect [1.7.1, 1.7.2] | Less potent than Adderall [1.7.1] |
| Common Side Effects | Appetite suppression, insomnia, dry mouth, mood swings, anxiety [1.5.2, 1.7.5] | Similar to Adderall, but may cause more tics or tremors in some individuals [1.7.5] |
Conclusion
While Adderall is an effective medication for treating ADHD and narcolepsy under medical supervision, its non-prescription use is a significant public health concern. The variety of slang terms like "Addys," "study buddies," and "speed" reflects its widespread misuse, particularly in academic and professional settings for cognitive enhancement [1.2.1, 1.2.2]. Understanding these street names is a key step in recognizing potential abuse. The risks associated with using Adderall without a prescription are severe, ranging from cardiovascular problems and anxiety to addiction, psychosis, and overdose [1.8.4, 1.9.3]. It is critical to use this medication only as directed by a healthcare professional to avoid its dangerous and illegal repercussions. Anyone struggling with Adderall misuse should seek professional help. Find treatment options near you.
