What ADHD medication stops anxiety? Understanding co-occurring symptoms

October 8, 2025 •

4 min read

Studies show that between 5.6% and 37.9% of people with ADHD also have a comorbid anxiety disorder, making it a common and challenging combination. Addressing the question of what ADHD medication stops anxiety? requires understanding that some treatments can help manage both conditions, while others may exacerbate anxious symptoms.

Quick Summary

For individuals with ADHD and co-occurring anxiety, some non-stimulant medications are often preferred as they can manage symptoms without increasing anxiety. Stimulants, while effective for ADHD, can worsen anxiety in some people, necessitating careful monitoring or alternative options.

Key Points

Non-stimulants are often preferred: Non-stimulant ADHD medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine (Intuniv) are generally better options for those with co-occurring anxiety because they are less likely to worsen anxious feelings.
Stimulants can increase anxiety: While effective for ADHD, stimulant medications can cause side effects like jitteriness, increased heart rate, and nervousness, which can be problematic for individuals with anxiety.
Antidepressants can be combined: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can be used to treat anxiety, often alongside an ADHD medication, to manage both conditions effectively.
Atypical antidepressants can help: Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is sometimes used off-label for ADHD and can improve focus and mood, but it has the potential to increase anxiety in some individuals.
Holistic treatment is best: A comprehensive approach that includes medication, therapy (like CBT), lifestyle changes, and stress management techniques often yields the best outcomes for managing co-occurring ADHD and anxiety.
Extended-release options may be smoother: For those who require a stimulant, longer-acting formulations can provide a more consistent effect and fewer side effects that might exacerbate anxiety.
Prioritize the most debilitating symptoms: The treatment strategy often depends on whether ADHD or anxiety symptoms are more disruptive, which helps determine whether to start with an ADHD medication, an anxiety medication, or a non-stimulant that addresses both.

The Overlap of ADHD and Anxiety

Experiencing both Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and an anxiety disorder is more common than many people realize, creating a complex clinical picture. While ADHD involves challenges with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, anxiety manifests as excessive worry, fear, and restlessness. The symptoms can often overlap, with ADHD-related issues like chronic disorganization and performance anxiety triggering or worsening existing anxious feelings. This creates a nuanced treatment challenge, as a medication that helps one condition may have an unintended effect on the other.

Finding the right medication often requires prioritizing which condition is most debilitating and then exploring treatment options that address both sets of symptoms. A healthcare provider will typically conduct a thorough evaluation and tailor a treatment plan, which may involve non-stimulant medications, specific antidepressants, or a combination of therapies.

Non-Stimulant Medications as a First-Line Option

For those with co-occurring ADHD and anxiety, non-stimulant medications are often the preferred starting point because they are less likely to increase anxiety. They have a slower onset but can be a stable, long-term solution for managing both conditions simultaneously.

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Atomoxetine, an SNRI, is FDA-approved for treating ADHD. It works by increasing norepinephrine, which can also influence mood and anxiety. While not approved for anxiety disorders, some users find it helps reduce their anxiety. Full effects may take several weeks.

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists (Guanfacine and Clonidine)

Guanfacine (Intuniv) and clonidine (Kapvay) help with hyperactivity and impulsivity. They have a calming effect that may alleviate physical anxiety symptoms and are useful for those sensitive to stimulants. Sedation is a key side effect to watch for.

Viloxazine (Qelbree)

Qelbree is a newer non-stimulant (norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) approved for ADHD. It provides a gradual, steady effect without the overstimulation of stimulants. Monitoring for mood changes or increased anxiety is still important.

The Role of Antidepressants in Combination Therapy

In some cases, a combination approach using antidepressants is needed, especially when anxiety is a dominant issue.

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant used off-label for ADHD. It can help with attention and mood but may increase jitteriness or activate anxiety in some individuals.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

SSRIs and SNRIs are first-line treatments for anxiety disorders. They do not directly treat ADHD but effectively manage the anxiety component. They can be used alone or combined with ADHD medication under careful supervision.

The Complex Relationship with Stimulants

Stimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamines are highly effective for core ADHD symptoms. However, their stimulating effect can worsen anxiety. For those with significant anxiety, non-stimulant alternatives may be better. If stimulants are used, longer-acting formulations may be preferred for a smoother effect. Close monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential.

Comparison Table: ADHD Medications and Co-occurring Anxiety


Medication Type	Examples	Effects on ADHD	Effects on Anxiety	Onset of Action	Key Considerations
Non-Stimulants (SNRIs)	Atomoxetine (Strattera), Viloxazine (Qelbree)	Helps with attention and impulsivity	May reduce or have neutral effect on anxiety	Weeks	Less risk of abuse; often first choice for comorbidity
Non-Stimulants (Alpha-2 Agonists)	Guanfacine (Intuniv), Clonidine (Kapvay)	Helps with hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression	Calming effect; may help with physical anxiety symptoms	Weeks	Can cause sedation and blood pressure changes
Stimulants	Methylphenidate (Ritalin), Amphetamine (Adderall)	Highly effective for core ADHD symptoms	Can potentially worsen anxiety, especially in those predisposed	Rapid	Careful titration needed; long-acting versions may be better tolerated
Antidepressants (NDRIs)	Bupropion (Wellbutrin)	Off-label use; can improve focus	Helps with depression; risk of increasing anxiety	Weeks	Monitor closely for potential increase in anxiety
Antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs)	Sertraline (Zoloft), Venlafaxine (Effexor)	No direct effect on ADHD	First-line treatment for anxiety; can be combined with ADHD meds	Weeks	Added on top of ADHD treatment if anxiety is a significant issue

A Holistic Approach to Management

Medication is most effective as part of a comprehensive plan. Other strategies include:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps challenge anxious thoughts and develop coping strategies for ADHD symptoms.
Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Can reduce physiological arousal and racing thoughts.
Lifestyle Adjustments: Exercise, sleep, diet, and routines improve mental health and reduce symptoms.
Therapy: Working with a specialist provides support and guidance.

Conclusion

There's no single ADHD medication that completely stops anxiety, but several options effectively manage both conditions. Non-stimulants are often a good starting point for those whose anxiety is worsened by stimulants. A combination of ADHD medication and an antidepressant may also be effective. Finding the right personalized plan requires working closely with a healthcare provider. You can find more information from authoritative sources like the National Institute of Mental Health.

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For more in-depth information on ADHD and its treatment, consult resources from the National Institute of Mental Health.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, stimulant medications like Adderall can potentially worsen anxiety symptoms in some people. Their energizing effect can lead to increased nervousness, jitteriness, and a faster heart rate, which can be especially concerning for those with a pre-existing anxiety disorder.

Non-stimulants are often preferred for individuals with both ADHD and anxiety. Good options include Atomoxetine (Strattera), Guanfacine (Intuniv), Clonidine (Kapvay), and Viloxazine (Qelbree) because they are less likely to exacerbate anxiety symptoms.

Since atomoxetine (Strattera) is a non-stimulant, it takes longer to reach its full effect compared to stimulants. It may take several weeks, typically 1 to 4 weeks, before significant improvements in ADHD and potentially anxiety symptoms are noticed.

Yes, a common approach is to use a combination of medications. For example, an SSRI or SNRI, which are first-line treatments for anxiety, can be added to an ADHD medication regimen under careful medical supervision to address both conditions.

Stimulants can increase anxiety due to their activating effects on the central nervous system, which can cause jitteriness and a racing heart. Non-stimulants work differently and are less likely to cause this effect; in some cases, they may even have a calming or neutral effect on anxiety.

Yes, guanfacine (Intuniv), an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, can be effective for both conditions. It helps with ADHD symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity while also producing a calming effect that can reduce some physical symptoms of anxiety.

Absolutely. Medication is most effective when combined with other strategies. Therapy, especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), along with lifestyle adjustments like exercise and improved sleep, can provide effective coping mechanisms and significantly improve overall outcomes.