Understanding Anusol and Its Purpose
Anusol is a brand of over-the-counter and prescription medications used to treat the symptoms of hemorrhoids, also known as piles [1.2.3, 1.5.4]. These conditions involve swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus, leading to discomfort, itching, pain, and sometimes bleeding. Anusol products, including the popular cream formulation, are designed to provide symptomatic relief from these issues. The cream is indicated for uncomplicated internal and external hemorrhoids, proctitis (inflammation of the rectum), pruritus ani (anal itching), and anal fissures [1.2.5]. Its vanishing cream base is rapidly absorbed and helps avoid staining underwear [1.6.4].
How Anusol Cream Works: The Active Ingredients
The effectiveness of standard Anusol cream stems from a combination of active ingredients that provide antiseptic, astringent, and emollient properties [1.2.5].
- Zinc Oxide: This is a key component that acts as a mild astringent and antiseptic [1.4.2]. As an astringent, it helps to shrink or constrict body tissues, which can reduce the swelling of hemorrhoids. Its antiseptic properties help to prevent the growth of bacteria, protecting irritated skin from infection [1.3.4, 1.4.2].
- Bismuth Oxide: This ingredient also has astringent and antiseptic properties. It works by forming a protective layer over raw and irritated surfaces, which helps to reduce irritation and allows the underlying tissue to heal [1.2.5, 1.4.2].
- Balsam Peru: This component provides a mild antiseptic action. It is also believed to promote the growth of new skin cells, aiding in the healing process of damaged tissue [1.2.5, 1.4.2].
Together, these ingredients work to soothe the affected area, shrink the piles, and create a protective barrier that reduces friction and discourages bacterial growth, thereby alleviating itching and irritation [1.3.4].
Anusol HC: The Prescription-Strength Option
For more severe inflammation, a doctor might recommend Anusol-HC, which contains hydrocortisone [1.9.1]. Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid that works by reducing the body's inflammatory response [1.2.2, 1.9.4]. It effectively lowers the number of inflammatory chemicals that cause the redness, swelling, and itching associated with hemorrhoids and other anal conditions [1.6.5]. Anusol-HC 2.5% cream and suppositories are available only by prescription, while a 1% hydrocortisone cream may be available over-the-counter [1.2.2, 1.9.1]. The addition of hydrocortisone makes Anusol-HC a more potent option for controlling significant inflammation and discomfort [1.9.2].
How to Properly Use Anusol Cream
For Anusol cream to be effective, it must be used correctly. Always wash your hands before and after application.
- Clean the Area: Thoroughly cleanse the affected area with mild soap and water, rinse well, and gently pat dry with a soft towel [1.4.4, 1.6.1].
- External Use: For external hemorrhoids, apply a thin layer of the cream to the affected area. This can be done in the morning, at night, and after each bowel movement [1.2.5].
- Internal Use: For internal hemorrhoids, use the provided rectal nozzle. Screw the nozzle onto the tube, remove the nozzle cap, and gently insert the tip just inside the anus (about 1/2 to 1 inch) [1.6.1]. Squeeze the tube gently to apply the cream. It is best to do this after a bowel movement so the medication can work for longer [1.5.3].
- Clean the Nozzle: After each internal use, thoroughly clean the applicator nozzle with soap and water [1.6.2].
It is generally recommended to use the cream for no more than 7 consecutive days unless directed by a doctor, as prolonged use, especially of hydrocortisone-containing products, can lead to side effects [1.4.2, 1.4.5]. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is crucial to consult a physician [1.2.5].
Comparison of Anusol Formulations
Anusol is available in different forms to suit different needs. Choosing the right one depends on the location and severity of the hemorrhoids.
| Formulation | Best For | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Cream | External & Internal Piles | Thinner consistency, easy to rub in. Has a vanishing base that is absorbed quickly [1.5.1, 1.6.4]. Can be used with the included nozzle for internal application. |
| Ointment | External & Internal Piles | Thicker consistency than the cream, providing a more robust protective barrier and relieving dry, sore skin [1.5.1, 1.6.3]. Can also be used with a nozzle. |
| Suppositories | Internal Piles | Solid, torpedo-shaped dosage form inserted directly into the rectum [1.5.1]. They dissolve to release medication directly to internal tissues, making them ideal for internal hemorrhoids [1.5.3]. |
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
While generally well-tolerated for short-term use, Anusol products can cause side effects. Common reactions at the application site include temporary burning, itching, or redness [1.4.1]. These effects usually subside after a few minutes and stop occurring after a few days of use [1.4.5].
Serious side effects are rare but require immediate medical attention. These include [1.4.1, 1.7.1]:
- Severe rectal pain or bleeding
- Worsening irritation
- Signs of a skin infection (redness, swelling, pus)
- Changes in skin appearance or thickness [1.4.1]
Prolonged use of hydrocortisone-containing products (Anusol-HC) can lead to skin thinning, stretch marks, and in rare cases, systemic effects like adrenal suppression if absorbed into the bloodstream [1.4.5, 1.7.5].
Do not use Anusol if you are allergic to any of its ingredients or if you have a tuberculous, fungal, or viral skin lesion in the affected area [1.7.3]. Patients with diabetes, liver disease, or certain eye problems should consult their doctor before using Anusol-HC [1.7.2]. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, speak with a healthcare provider before using any Anusol product [1.2.5].
Conclusion
So, what does Anusol cream do? It provides effective, targeted relief from the common and uncomfortable symptoms of hemorrhoids and other minor anorectal conditions. Through a combination of astringent, antiseptic, and soothing ingredients, it works to shrink swelling, reduce irritation, and promote healing. With different formulations available, including the stronger hydrocortisone-based Anusol-HC for more severe inflammation, it is a versatile treatment option. However, it's important to use it as directed and for a limited duration. If symptoms persist, worsen, or if rectal bleeding occurs, seeking professional medical advice is essential to rule out more serious conditions. For more information, consult a resource like the NHS website on piles.
