Understanding Cloperastine
Cloperastine is a medication primarily used for the symptomatic relief of non-productive, or dry, cough [1.5.6, 1.7.5]. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antitussives, which work by suppressing the body's cough reflex [1.7.6]. In addition to its cough-suppressant qualities, cloperastine also has antihistaminic properties, which can help alleviate symptoms related to allergic reactions [1.4.3]. Unlike some other powerful cough suppressants like codeine, cloperastine is a non-opioid and does not have narcotic effects, meaning it carries a lower risk of dependency [1.7.5]. It was first introduced in Japan in 1972 and later in Italy in 1981 [1.3.1].
What is Another Name for Cloperastine?
Cloperastine is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN), which is the generic name for the drug [1.3.1]. However, it is sold under many different brand names across the world. The specific name can vary depending on the country and the manufacturer. It is often available as cloperastine hydrochloride or cloperastine fendizoate [1.3.1].
Some of the most common brand names and synonyms include:
- Hustazol [1.3.2]
- Nitossil [1.3.1]
- Seki / Sekisan [1.3.2, 1.3.4]
- Flutox [1.3.4]
- Lysotossil [1.3.4]
- Privituss [1.3.4]
- Cinfatusina [1.3.4]
- Cloel [1.3.4]
How Does Cloperastine Work?
The mechanism of action for cloperastine is multifaceted. Its primary effect is on the central nervous system, where it acts on the cough center in the brain to suppress the urge to cough [1.4.4, 1.7.4]. In addition to this central action, it also has several peripheral effects:
- Antihistaminic Activity: Cloperastine blocks H1 histamine receptors, which helps reduce coughs that are triggered by allergic reactions [1.4.3, 1.4.6].
- Bronchodilator Effects: It has a mild relaxing effect on the bronchial muscles, which can help open the airways [1.4.6].
- Anticholinergic Activity: The drug can help reduce mucus production through its anticholinergic effects [1.4.1].
This combination of central suppression and peripheral action makes it an effective treatment for dry cough without causing the significant sedation or respiratory depression associated with opioid-based cough medicines [1.7.5].
Cloperastine vs. Other Common Antitussives
Cloperastine is often compared to other cough suppressants. Here is a comparison with dextromethorphan and codeine.
| Feature | Cloperastine | Dextromethorphan | Codeine |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drug Class | Antitussive, Antihistamine [1.7.1, 1.7.4] | Opioid-derivative antitussive [1.6.1] | Opioid antitussive [1.6.1] |
| Mechanism | Central cough center suppression, antihistaminic [1.7.4] | Acts on the cough center in the brain [1.6.1] | Acts on the cough center, has analgesic properties [1.4.6] |
| Narcotic Effect | No [1.7.5] | No, but can be misused at high doses | Yes [1.4.6] |
| Dependency Risk | Low [1.7.5] | Low at therapeutic doses, higher with misuse | Higher risk of dependency [1.6.1] |
| Side Effects | Drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea [1.5.5, 1.5.6] | Dizziness, nausea, stomach upset | Sedation, constipation, respiratory depression [1.6.1] |
Studies have shown cloperastine to be as effective as codeine in reducing cough fits, but with a much better safety profile, particularly regarding the lack of respiratory depression and dependency potential [1.4.6].
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
While generally well-tolerated, cloperastine can cause some side effects. It is important to be aware of these before taking the medication. Common side effects include:
- Drowsiness or sleepiness [1.5.6]
- Dry mouth (Xerostomia) [1.5.3]
- Nausea or heartburn [1.5.5, 1.5.6]
- Dizziness [1.5.4]
- Thickening of bronchial secretions [1.5.6]
- Loss of appetite [1.5.5]
Due to the potential for drowsiness, patients should exercise caution when driving or operating heavy machinery after taking cloperastine. It is typically not recommended for individuals with a productive (wet) cough, as suppressing this type of cough can prevent the clearing of mucus from the airways [1.4.8]. The use of cloperastine during pregnancy and lactation should be discussed with a healthcare professional [1.7.3].
Conclusion
Cloperastine is known by many names around the world, including Hustazol, Nitossil, and Seki [1.3.1]. It is a well-established non-opioid antitussive valued for its dual-action mechanism that suppresses the central cough reflex while also providing antihistamine and mild bronchodilator benefits [1.4.6]. Its efficacy is comparable to older antitussives like codeine but with a significantly lower risk of side effects such as dependency and respiratory depression, making it a preferred choice for managing dry, irritating coughs [1.4.6, 1.7.5].
For more detailed information, you can visit the Wikipedia page on Cloperastine.
