Norelgestromin is the official nonproprietary name for a third-generation synthetic progestin, a hormone widely used in transdermal contraceptive patches. While its generic name is standard in clinical and pharmacological literature, many patients and healthcare professionals know it by its various brand names and chemical identifiers. Understanding these different names is crucial for correctly identifying the medication and its purpose.
Brand Name Variations
When seeking information about norelgestromin, consumers most often encounter it under a specific brand name associated with a combination contraceptive patch. The most notable brand names for patches containing norelgestromin in combination with ethinyl estradiol include:
- Xulane: This is the current, widely available generic version of the birth control patch in the United States.
- Zafemy: Another generic version of the patch that contains the same active ingredients as Xulane but is slightly smaller in size.
- Ortho Evra: This was the original brand name for the first transdermal contraceptive patch to enter the U.S. market but was discontinued in 2014.
- Evra: The trade name used for this medication in several countries outside the United States, such as Canada and the UK.
Chemical and Generic Identifiers
Beyond the consumer-facing brand names, norelgestromin has several other identifiers used in a scientific or regulatory context. These include:
- Norelgestromine: An alternative spelling and another accepted generic name for the same compound.
- NGMN: A common acronym used in scientific circles to represent norelgestromin.
- Levonorgestrel 3-oxime: This name refers to its chemical structure, as norelgestromin is a derivative of the progestin levonorgestrel.
- 17$eta$-Deacetylnorgestimate: This complex identifier indicates that norelgestromin is the active metabolite of another progestin medication, norgestimate.
Function and Mechanism of Action
As a progestin, norelgestromin works in conjunction with the estrogen ethinyl estradiol in the contraceptive patch to prevent pregnancy. Its primary functions include:
- Inhibiting Ovulation: The hormones released from the patch prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg each month.
- Thickening Cervical Mucus: Norelgestromin causes the cervical mucus to become thicker, which creates a barrier that makes it more difficult for sperm to reach the uterus.
- Altering the Uterine Lining: The medication also changes the lining of the uterus, making it less receptive to a fertilized egg for implantation.
Comparison of Norelgestromin-Containing Patches
While different brand names exist, their primary difference lies in their market status and, in some cases, minor physical attributes. The core active ingredients remain the same for Xulane, Zafemy, and the discontinued Ortho Evra.
| Feature | Xulane | Zafemy | Ortho Evra |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active Ingredients | Norelgestromin & Ethinyl Estradiol | Norelgestromin & Ethinyl Estradiol | Norelgestromin & Ethinyl Estradiol |
| Market Status (US) | Currently available (Generic) | Currently available (Generic) | Discontinued (Brand) |
| Patch Size | 14 cm² | 12.5 cm² (Smaller) | 20 cm² (Original) |
| Manufacturer | Mylan Pharmaceuticals | Amneal Pharmaceuticals | Janssen Pharmaceuticals |
Considerations for Use
Like other hormonal contraceptives, the norelgestromin patch is highly effective when used correctly but carries certain risks and side effects. It is essential to follow the application instructions carefully. Patients who smoke or have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher may face a higher risk of serious cardiovascular events, such as blood clots, and are advised to consult a healthcare provider for alternative options. Side effects can include nausea, breast tenderness, headaches, and application site reactions.
Conclusion
Understanding the different names for norelgestromin is key to navigating contraceptive options. Whether known as Xulane, Zafemy, or by its former brand name Ortho Evra, the medication serves the same purpose as a powerful progestin in a transdermal patch. Identifying these aliases helps ensure medication safety, particularly when switching between different products or seeking information from various sources. Patients should always consult their healthcare provider to determine the best contraceptive method for their individual health needs.
For more detailed chemical information, the National Institutes of Health provides a full entry: PubChem: Ethinyl estradiol; norelgestromin.
