Understanding Synalar and Its Role in Dermatology
Synalar is the brand name for a medication called fluocinolone acetonide, which belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It is a prescription topical treatment, meaning it is applied directly to the skin to address localized issues. Its primary function is to reduce the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, swelling, redness, and itching. This makes it an effective tool for managing flare-ups associated with a variety of inflammatory skin conditions, often called dermatoses. Depending on the concentration, Synalar is considered a low-to-medium potency topical steroid.
How Does Synalar Cream Work?
The anti-inflammatory power of Synalar comes from its active ingredient, fluocinolone acetonide. This synthetic corticosteroid works at the cellular level to curb the body's immune response in the skin. When applied, it activates natural substances in the skin and interacts with glucocorticoid receptors, which leads to a decrease in the production and release of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and cytokines. By inhibiting this inflammatory cascade, Synalar effectively provides relief from uncomfortable and often painful symptoms. Beyond its anti-inflammatory effects, it also has anti-pruritic (anti-itch) and vasoconstrictive properties, which help to narrow the blood vessels in the affected area, further reducing redness and swelling.
What Specific Conditions is Synalar Cream Used For?
Doctors prescribe Synalar for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic (itchy) manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. This includes a range of common and persistent skin ailments:
- Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): This is one of the most common uses for Synalar. Eczema causes the skin to become dry, red, itchy, and scaly, and Synalar helps to manage these flare-ups.
- Psoriasis: This chronic autoimmune condition leads to the rapid buildup of skin cells, forming thick, scaly patches. Synalar is used to reduce the associated inflammation and scaling, especially in non-scalp areas. Occlusive dressings may sometimes be recommended over the cream to manage resistant psoriasis.
- Dermatitis: This is a general term for skin inflammation. Synalar is effective for various types, including contact dermatitis (from allergic reactions) and seborrheic dermatitis.
- Allergic Reactions: It can be used to treat skin rashes and irritation caused by allergic reactions.
It is crucial to note that Synalar is not an antifungal or antibiotic; it does not treat infections. If a skin condition has a secondary bacterial or fungal infection, a different or combination therapy may be required. In fact, using a steroid on an undiagnosed infection can sometimes make it worse.
Proper Application and Use
For Synalar to be effective and safe, it must be used correctly. Always follow the prescribing doctor's instructions.
- Clean and Dry: Before application, wash your hands and gently clean and dry the affected area.
- Apply a Thin Film: Squeeze out a small amount of cream and apply a thin layer over the affected skin, rubbing it in gently and thoroughly.
- Frequency: The frequency of application will be determined by your doctor based on your specific condition.
- Wash Hands: Wash your hands after application, unless your hands are the area being treated.
- Avoid Sensitive Areas: Do not use Synalar on the face, groin, or underarms unless specifically directed by your doctor. Avoid contact with eyes, nose, and mouth.
- No Occlusive Dressings (Unless Directed): Do not bandage or cover the treated area unless your physician instructs you to do so, as this can increase the absorption of the drug into the body and raise the risk of side effects.
Comparison with Hydrocortisone
Many people are familiar with over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream. It's helpful to understand how Synalar compares.
| Feature | Synalar (Fluocinolone Acetonide) | Hydrocortisone |
|---|---|---|
| Potency | Low to Medium Potency (prescription) | Low Potency (often available OTC at 1%) |
| Primary Uses | Moderate inflammatory conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis | Mild skin irritation, itching, rashes, and eczema |
| Availability | Prescription only | Available over-the-counter (OTC) and by prescription |
| Formulations | Cream, ointment, solution, oil, shampoo | Cream, ointment, lotion, suppository |
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
While effective, Synalar can cause side effects. Local side effects are more common and can include burning, itching, irritation, or dryness when first applied. These often subside as your body adjusts.
More significant side effects from prolonged use or overuse can include:
- Skin thinning (atrophy) and stretch marks (striae)
- Changes in skin color (hypopigmentation)
- Acne-like bumps (acneiform eruptions) or folliculitis
- Increased hair growth (hypertrichosis)
Systemic side effects can occur if the medication is absorbed into the bloodstream in large amounts, which is more likely with high-potency versions, use over large surface areas, or under occlusive dressings. These are rare but can include Cushing's syndrome or HPA axis suppression, which affect the body's hormone levels. It is important to use the smallest amount of cream for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms.
Conclusion
So, what is Synalar cream used for? It is a valuable prescription topical corticosteroid for managing the inflammation, itching, and redness associated with persistent skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and various forms of dermatitis. By understanding its mechanism, proper use, and potential side effects, patients can work with their healthcare providers to use it safely and effectively to find relief from uncomfortable skin flare-ups. Always consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment, and never use Synalar for a condition for which it was not prescribed.
For more information from an authoritative source, you can visit the National Library of Medicine's page on Fluocinolone Acetonide.
