What Is Clacee (Clarithromycin)?
Clacee is a brand name for the active drug ingredient clarithromycin, a semi-synthetic antibiotic belonging to the macrolide class. Discovered in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1990, it was designed to be a more stable version of the antibiotic erythromycin, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects. Clarithromycin is available as a generic medication and is sold under various brand names worldwide, including Biaxin, Klaricid, and Klacid. It is available in different formulations, such as immediate-release tablets, extended-release tablets, and granules for an oral suspension.
Therapeutic Uses for Clacee (Clarithromycin)
Clacee, or clarithromycin, is a versatile antibiotic with a wide range of applications for treating mild to moderate bacterial infections. Its primary therapeutic uses include:
Respiratory Tract Infections
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A common lung infection often treated with clarithromycin, sometimes in combination with other antibiotics.
- Bronchitis: Used for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
- Sinusitis: Effectively treats acute maxillary sinusitis.
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: Prescribed for throat and tonsil infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, especially for individuals with a penicillin allergy.
- Other Infections: Also used for ear infections (otitis media) in children and Legionnaires' disease.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Clarithromycin treats uncomplicated infections of the skin and underlying tissues, such as cellulitis and impetigo, when caused by susceptible bacteria. Abscesses, however, may require additional surgical drainage.
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication
One of the most important uses of clarithromycin is in treating peptic ulcers caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. It is used as part of a triple-therapy regimen, typically combined with a proton-pump inhibitor (like omeprazole) and another antibiotic (like amoxicillin).
HIV-Related Infections
In patients with advanced HIV infection, clarithromycin is crucial for the treatment and prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), a serious opportunistic infection.
Other Notable Uses
- Lyme Disease: Sometimes used as a second-line agent.
- Cat Scratch Disease: Effective against infections caused by Bartonella species.
How Clacee (Clarithromycin) Works
Clarithromycin functions as a macrolide antibiotic by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It specifically binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, which stops the creation of proteins essential for the bacteria's growth and replication. This mechanism is bacteriostatic, meaning it stops the bacteria from multiplying, allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection.
Dosage and Administration
Dosage and administration of clarithromycin vary depending on the type and severity of the infection, the patient's age, and the specific formulation used. Healthcare providers determine the appropriate dosage and duration of treatment for individual patients.
Oral Formulations:
- Immediate-release tablets and oral suspension: Typically taken as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
- Extended-release tablets (Biaxin XL): Often taken once daily. These tablets should generally be swallowed whole.
Important Administration Details:
- Always complete the full course of treatment prescribed by your doctor, even if you feel better, to help prevent the infection from returning and developing antibiotic resistance.
- Do not use this medication for viral infections like the common cold or flu.
Potential Side Effects
Like all medications, clarithromycin can cause side effects. Some are common and mild, while others are more serious and require immediate medical attention.
Common Side Effects
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain
- Unusual or metallic taste in the mouth
- Headache
Serious Side Effects (Seek Medical Attention)
- Liver Problems: Symptoms include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, and unusual tiredness.
- Heart Rhythm Changes: Fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat, dizziness, and shortness of breath can indicate a serious heart rhythm problem known as QT prolongation.
- Severe Diarrhea: Watery or bloody diarrhea that occurs during or up to two months after treatment can be a sign of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
- Allergic Reactions: Signs include hives, rash, swelling of the face or throat, and difficulty breathing.
Drug Interactions with Clacee (Clarithromycin)
Clarithromycin is a potent inhibitor of the CYP3A4 enzyme, which is involved in the metabolism of many other drugs. Taking it with certain medications can lead to dangerous interactions. Patients should always inform their doctor of all medications, vitamins, and herbal products they are taking. Some key interactions include:
- Statins: Concurrent use with statins like simvastatin and lovastatin significantly increases the risk of severe muscle problems and liver damage.
- Colchicine: This gout medication can reach toxic levels when combined with clarithromycin, especially in patients with kidney disease.
- Calcium Channel Blockers: Increased risk of low blood pressure and kidney failure.
- Other Medications: Interactions can occur with warfarin (blood thinner), certain benzodiazepines, and various HIV medications.
Comparison of Immediate-Release (IR) vs. Extended-Release (ER) Clarithromycin
| Feature | Immediate-Release (IR) | Extended-Release (ER) |
|---|---|---|
| Dosing Frequency | Typically more frequent than ER | Often once daily |
| Administration | Can often be taken with or without food | May require administration with food |
| Tablet Form | Regular tablet | Swallowed whole; generally should not be crushed, split, or chewed |
| Treatment Duration | Varies depending on infection | Varies for approved conditions |
| Side Effect Profile | May have a different incidence of gastrointestinal side effects compared to ER | Can offer a more consistent drug level in the body, potentially affecting side effect profiles |
Conclusion
While the drug Clacee may not be universally known, it is an important regional brand name for the widely-used antibiotic clarithromycin. This macrolide antibiotic is a powerful tool against a broad spectrum of bacterial infections, including those of the respiratory tract and skin, as well as a key component in combating H. pylori. However, its usage requires careful consideration of dosage, potential side effects, and numerous significant drug interactions. As with any prescription medication, it is vital to follow a healthcare provider's instructions carefully and complete the full course of treatment to ensure effectiveness and prevent resistance.
