Understanding What is the Most Commonly Used Medication in Pain Management?

October 11, 2025 •

3 min read

Globally, the analgesics market is projected to reach over $147 billion by 2033, reflecting the widespread use of pain medication. To answer what is the most commonly used medication in pain management is complex, as it varies significantly between over-the-counter (OTC) use and prescription needs for mild versus severe pain.

Quick Summary

This article explores the most common pain management medications, distinguishing between widely available over-the-counter options like acetaminophen and NSAIDs, and the frequently prescribed combination opioids used for more severe pain.

Key Points

OTC Options: For mild to moderate pain, the most common medications are over-the-counter options, primarily acetaminophen (Tylenol) and NSAIDs like ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve).
Acetaminophen: This medication is very common for treating pain and fever, but unlike NSAIDs, it does not reduce inflammation.
NSAIDs: Ibuprofen and naproxen work by reducing both pain and inflammation, making them effective for conditions like arthritis and muscle strains.
Prescription Combinations: Historically, combination medications containing an opioid and acetaminophen (e.g., hydrocodone/acetaminophen) have been among the most commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain.
Opioid Risks: Due to the high risk of dependence and addiction, long-term opioid use is now discouraged for chronic pain, and prescription rates have decreased in favor of safer alternatives.
Personalized Care: The best pain medication depends on the individual's specific type of pain, health conditions, and potential drug interactions, emphasizing the need for professional medical advice.
Long-Acting Options: Naproxen is an NSAID that provides longer-lasting relief (up to 12 hours) compared to ibuprofen and acetaminophen, which typically last 4-6 hours.

The Dominant Over-the-Counter Contenders

The most common pain medications are often found over-the-counter (OTC), primarily falling into two categories: acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

Acetaminophen, known by brands like Tylenol, is widely used for mild to moderate pain and fever. It works by affecting pain perception in the brain and regulating temperature. It's suitable for headaches, fever, and general aches not linked to significant inflammation. However, excessive use can cause severe liver damage, especially with alcohol.

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen sodium (Aleve) are common OTC options, effective for inflammatory pain. They block enzymes that cause pain and swelling. NSAIDs are used for pain from arthritis, menstrual cramps, and muscle strains. Long-term use can lead to stomach issues, ulcers, bleeding, and potential cardiovascular or kidney risks.

Frequently Prescribed Pain Medications

For moderate to severe pain, prescription medications are used. Historically, combination drugs containing an opioid have been frequently dispensed.

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Combination

Hydrocodone combined with acetaminophen (e.g., Vicodin, Norco) has been a very commonly prescribed pain medication in the U.S.. This drug combines an opioid (hydrocodone) and a non-opioid analgesic (acetaminophen). It's used for moderate to severe pain after surgery or injury, or for pain not relieved by OTC options. Risks include dependence, addiction, overdose, and liver damage from acetaminophen. Prescription rates have decreased due to awareness of the opioid epidemic.

Other Prescription Pain Management Options

Other prescription medications include stronger NSAID doses (meloxicam, celecoxib) for conditions like arthritis and certain antidepressants or anti-seizure drugs (duloxetine, gabapentin) for neuropathic pain.

Factors Influencing Medication Choice

Selecting the right pain medication involves considering pain type and intensity, underlying health conditions, and potential drug interactions. A healthcare provider can help navigate these factors, such as liver or kidney function and cardiovascular history. It's crucial to disclose all medications, including OTC drugs, to avoid interactions.

Comparison of Common Pain Medications


Feature	Acetaminophen (Tylenol)	Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)	Naproxen (Aleve)
Primary Action	Pain relief, fever reduction	Pain relief, fever reduction, inflammation reduction	Pain relief, fever reduction, inflammation reduction
Mechanism	Central Nervous System	Peripheral & Central (COX enzyme inhibition)	Peripheral & Central (COX enzyme inhibition)
Uses	Headaches, fevers, general aches	Arthritis, muscle aches, menstrual cramps	Arthritis, muscle aches, longer-lasting pain
Duration of Effect	4-6 hours	4-6 hours	Up to 12 hours
Primary Risks	Liver damage (with overdose)	Gastrointestinal issues, cardiovascular risk	Gastrointestinal issues, cardiovascular risk
Best For	Mild to moderate pain, fever	Inflammatory pain, shorter-term relief	Inflammatory pain, longer-lasting relief

Conclusion: Navigating Pain Management Options

Defining what is the most commonly used medication in pain management depends on whether you're considering all options or just prescriptions. Acetaminophen is likely the most common globally for mild pain due to its accessibility and safety when used correctly. For moderate to severe pain, combination opioid and acetaminophen products were historically the most prescribed. However, concerns about opioid risks are leading to increased use of alternative treatments, including non-opioid drugs, physical therapy, and other non-pharmacological methods. Always consult a healthcare professional to find the safest and most effective pain management strategy for your individual needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Both Tylenol (acetaminophen) and Advil (ibuprofen) are extremely common over-the-counter pain relievers. Tylenol is frequently recommended first for minor ailments due to a lower risk of stomach irritation, but Advil (an NSAID) is often preferred for inflammatory pain.

In recent years, the most commonly prescribed and dispensed pain medication in the U.S. has been the combination of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen (generic for drugs like Vicodin). However, prescription trends are changing due to the opioid epidemic.

Yes, for some people, taking acetaminophen and ibuprofen together can provide greater pain relief than either alone. However, you should follow dosage instructions carefully and consult a healthcare professional, as some combination products already contain both active ingredients.

Long-term use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen can lead to an increased risk of side effects, including stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney damage, and cardiovascular problems. They should be used for the shortest possible time at the lowest effective dose.

The main difference is their mechanism. Acetaminophen reduces pain and fever but does not combat inflammation. NSAIDs, in contrast, reduce pain, fever, and inflammation, making them more effective for conditions like arthritis or muscle strains.

No. Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs are not addictive. Addiction is a risk associated with opioid-based medications, which is why they are typically reserved for severe pain and used for short periods under medical supervision.

You should see a doctor if your pain persists for more than 10 days, worsens, or is accompanied by new symptoms like swelling, rash, or fever. A doctor can help determine the underlying cause and recommend the most appropriate and safest treatment plan.