Understanding Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin is a powerful chemotherapy medication belonging to the anthracycline class of antibiotics [1.5.3, 1.5.4]. First approved by the FDA in 1979, it is primarily used in combination with other anticancer drugs to treat specific types of blood cancers [1.2.3, 1.5.3]. The medication works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, which stops them from growing and dividing [1.5.1, 1.5.5]. It is administered intravenously under the strict supervision of a healthcare professional experienced in leukemia chemotherapy [1.9.1, 1.9.3].
Primary Uses of Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin is a cornerstone in the treatment of:
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): It is often used in a combination regimen with cytarabine for remission induction in adults [1.9.1, 1.9.3].
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL): It is also indicated for inducing remission in both adult and pediatric patients with ALL, typically as part of a multi-drug protocol [1.9.1, 1.5.3].
What is the Price of Daunorubicin 20MG?
The price of a 20mg vial of Daunorubicin can vary significantly. Without insurance, the cash price for a 4mL vial of 5 mg/mL (which equates to 20mg) can range from approximately $117 to $126 [1.2.3, 1.2.2]. However, some sources list prices for multiple vials, with one quoting a price of around $140.99 for three 20mg/4ml vials [1.2.1]. The final out-of-pocket cost for a patient is determined by numerous variables.
Factors Influencing Daunorubicin's Cost
Several key factors influence the final cost of Daunorubicin treatment [1.8.1, 1.8.4]:
- Insurance Coverage: The type of health insurance plan a patient has is the most significant factor. Coverage varies widely, and patients should contact their provider for specific details on copays, deductibles, and prior authorization requirements [1.2.1, 1.8.1].
- Generic vs. Brand Name: Daunorubicin is available as a generic medication (Daunorubicin HCl), which is typically more affordable than its brand-name counterpart, Cerubidine [1.2.1, 1.3.1].
- Geographic Location and Pharmacy: Prices can differ based on the pharmacy and its location. Different pharmacies may have different acquisition costs and pricing structures [1.3.5, 1.8.1].
- Treatment Setting: Whether the drug is administered in a hospital inpatient setting, an outpatient clinic, or at home can impact the overall cost [1.8.1]. Hospitalization is a major cost driver in AML treatment, with median inpatient costs per patient reaching over $83,000 [1.10.1].
- Patient Assistance Programs (PAPs): Many pharmaceutical companies offer PAPs to help eligible patients who are uninsured or underinsured afford their medications. Programs from Pfizer, Novartis, and others may provide financial support or the medication at little to no cost [1.4.2, 1.4.3].
Daunorubicin vs. Doxorubicin: A Comparison
Daunorubicin is structurally similar to another anthracycline, Doxorubicin. While both function by inhibiting DNA synthesis, they have different clinical applications and toxicity profiles.
| Feature | Daunorubicin | Doxorubicin |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Use | Primarily effective against leukemias (AML, ALL) [1.5.3]. | Effective against a broader spectrum of cancers, including many solid tumors as well as leukemias [1.5.3]. |
| Drug Class | Anthracycline / Antineoplastic Antibiotic [1.2.1]. | Anthracycline / Antineoplastic Antibiotic. |
| Administration | Intravenous (IV) infusion [1.9.1]. | Intravenous (IV) infusion. |
| Cardiotoxicity | A known risk, but some studies in childhood cancer survivors suggest it may be less cardiotoxic than Doxorubicin [1.7.1, 1.7.3]. | A significant dose-limiting side effect; risk increases with cumulative dose [1.6.1]. |
| Vesicant Property | Strong vesicant; can cause severe tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs [1.5.3, 1.9.3]. | Strong vesicant with similar risks of tissue damage upon extravasation. |
Side Effects and Administration
Treatment with Daunorubicin requires careful monitoring due to its potential for serious side effects [1.9.3].
Common and Serious Side Effects:
- Myelosuppression: A severe decrease in bone marrow function, leading to low blood cell counts. This increases the risk of infection and bleeding [1.6.1, 1.9.3].
- Cardiotoxicity: Heart muscle damage, which can lead to congestive heart failure. This risk is cumulative and can occur months or even years after treatment ends [1.6.2, 1.9.3].
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth sores are common [1.6.1].
- Hair Loss (Alopecia): Reversible hair loss is a frequent side effect [1.6.3].
- Red Urine: The drug can cause a harmless red discoloration of the urine for 1-2 days after administration [1.6.3, 1.9.5].
- Extravasation: Severe tissue damage and necrosis can occur if the drug leaks from the vein at the injection site [1.9.3].
Administration Guidelines:
Daunorubicin must be administered intravenously by trained personnel [1.9.1]. The dosage is calculated based on the patient's body surface area (mg/m²) and the specific treatment protocol [1.9.1, 1.9.5]. Doses may be reduced for patients with impaired liver or kidney function [1.9.1, 1.9.3].
Conclusion
The price of Daunorubicin 20mg is not a single, fixed number but a range influenced by a complex web of factors including insurance, pharmacy choice, and the availability of patient assistance. While the drug itself may cost around $120 per vial, the total cost of care is significantly higher, driven by hospitalization and management of side effects [1.10.1]. Patients and their families should work closely with their healthcare team, insurance providers, and hospital financial counselors to navigate the financial aspects of this life-saving cancer treatment. Exploring patient assistance programs is a crucial step for those who may struggle with the cost.
For more detailed information, consider visiting the National Cancer Institute's page on Daunorubicin.
