Understanding Glaucoma and the Role of Combination Eye Drops
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is vital for vision. This damage is often caused by abnormally high pressure inside your eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP) [1.8.2]. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide [1.5.1]. In India, it is estimated that as much as 90% of glaucoma cases go undiagnosed [1.5.2, 1.5.3]. Because it is often asymptomatic in its early stages, it's sometimes called the "silent killer" of sight [1.5.1].
To combat this, doctors prescribe medications to lower IOP. Dorzolamide and timolol eye drops are a common combination therapy used for treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension [1.3.2].
How Do Dorzolamide and Timolol Work?
Dorzolamide and timolol work in different ways to reduce the amount of fluid (aqueous humor) in the eye, which in turn lowers eye pressure [1.3.3, 1.8.2].
- Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It works by decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor, which is achieved by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions and subsequently reducing sodium and fluid transport in the eye [1.3.3, 1.3.4].
- Timolol is a beta-blocker. It also works by decreasing the production of aqueous humor [1.3.3, 1.8.2].
The combined effect of these two agents results in a more significant reduction in intraocular pressure compared to using either component alone [1.3.3].
What is the Price of Dorzolamide and Timolol Eye Drops IP?
The price of dorzolamide and timolol eye drops conforming to the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) varies significantly across India. Prices for a 5ml bottle can range from approximately ₹117 to over ₹500 [1.8.5, 1.2.6]. For instance, online pharmacies list prices like ₹299.65 for Misopt, ₹353 for Dortas T, and ₹422.10 for Dorzox-T [1.8.1]. Other listings show prices such as ₹253 for Dorsun T and ₹540 for Dorzox T [1.2.6].
Several factors contribute to this wide price range:
- Brand vs. Generic: Branded medications, like Cosopt, are typically more expensive than their generic counterparts [1.9.3]. Generic drugs are required to have the same active ingredients and efficacy but are sold at a lower cost, which is their number one benefit [1.9.3].
- Manufacturer: Different pharmaceutical companies (e.g., Cipla, Intas, Micro Labs) price their products differently based on their own production and marketing costs [1.8.1, 1.8.2].
- Pharmacy and Location: Prices can differ between online pharmacies, local chemists, and hospital pharmacies. The cost to transport and distribute medicines to rural areas can also be higher than in cities [1.5.2, 1.7.3].
- Government Regulation: The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) in India sets ceiling prices for drugs on the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) to ensure affordability [1.7.1, 1.7.5]. However, manufacturers are allowed annual price increases for non-scheduled drugs [1.7.2].
Comparison of Common Indian Brands
| Brand Name | Manufacturer | Typical Concentration | Approximate Price (5ml) [1.8.1, 1.8.2, 1.8.5] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dorzox T | Cipla Ltd. | Dorzolamide 2% + Timolol 0.5% | ₹422 - ₹564 |
| Dortas-T | Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Dorzolamide 2% + Timolol 0.5% | ~₹353 |
| Misopt | Micro Labs Ltd. | Dorzolamide 2% + Timolol 0.5% | ~₹300 |
| Endor Plus | Entod Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Dorzolamide 2% + Timolol 0.5% | Varies |
| Dorsun T | Sunways India Pvt Ltd. | Dorzolamide 2% + Timolol 0.5% | ~₹253 |
How to Use Dorzolamide and Timolol Eye Drops Correctly
Proper administration is crucial for the medication to be effective. Always follow your doctor's instructions. The usual dose is one drop in the affected eye(s) twice a day [1.6.2, 1.6.6].
- Wash hands thoroughly before use [1.6.2].
- Tilt your head back and pull down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket [1.6.1].
- Squeeze one drop into the pocket without letting the dropper tip touch your eye or any other surface to avoid contamination [1.6.2].
- Close your eye and gently press on the corner of your eye near the nose for 1-2 minutes. This prevents the medication from draining into your tear duct [1.6.4].
- Wait at least 5-10 minutes before administering any other eye drops [1.6.2].
- If you wear contact lenses, remove them before use and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them [1.6.4].
Potential Side Effects
Like all medications, these eye drops can cause side effects. The most common ones are localized to the eye and are usually temporary [1.8.2].
- Common Side Effects: Burning or stinging upon application, blurred vision, eye redness, itching, and a bitter taste [1.4.1, 1.4.2].
- Less Common Side Effects: Dizziness, dry mouth, headache, and eyelid inflammation [1.4.1, 1.4.2].
- Serious Side Effects: Though administered topically, the medication can be absorbed systemically. Serious reactions may include shortness of breath (especially in patients with asthma), slow or irregular heartbeat, and allergic reactions (like rash or swelling) [1.3.3, 1.4.6]. If you experience any severe symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
Conclusion
Dorzolamide and timolol eye drops are a vital combination therapy for managing glaucoma and ocular hypertension by effectively lowering intraocular pressure [1.3.3]. The price in India varies based on brand, manufacturer, and pharmacy, with options available from under ₹200 to over ₹500 [1.2.2, 1.2.6]. Understanding the different brands and adhering to proper usage instructions are key to managing this chronic condition and preventing vision loss. Always consult your ophthalmologist to determine the most suitable and cost-effective option for your specific needs.
For more information from a trusted medical source, you can visit the U.S. National Library of Medicine's page on this medication. [1.6.2]
