Understanding Angelica: From Ancient Herb to Modern Tablet
Angelica is a genus of plants, but when referring to 'Angelica Tablet' in a health context, it most often means supplements derived from the root of Angelica sinensis [1.9.2]. This plant is popularly known as Dong Quai or "female ginseng" and has a history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for over a thousand years [1.2.1, 1.4.4]. It is native to the high-altitude mountainous regions of China, Korea, and Japan [1.4.4]. In TCM, it is considered a 'blood tonic,' used to enrich the blood, invigorate circulation, and regulate menstruation [1.3.2, 1.3.6].
While Angelica sinensis is the most common species used for these tablets, another species, Angelica archangelica (European or Garden Angelica), is also used in herbal medicine, though typically for different purposes. A. archangelica is more common in European traditional medicine for digestive issues, respiratory ailments, and anxiety [1.5.4, 1.9.2]. It is crucial to distinguish between them, as their primary applications and pharmacological profiles differ. This article will focus primarily on Angelica sinensis, the species most associated with women's health supplements.
The Pharmacology: How Does Angelica Work?
The therapeutic effects of Angelica sinensis are attributed to several active compounds found in its root. These include:
- Phthalides: The most significant of these is Z-ligustilide, a compound that gives the root its characteristic aroma [1.4.3]. Ligustilide is believed to have spasmolytic (muscle-relaxing) effects, which may help in relieving uterine cramps associated with dysmenorrhea (painful periods) [1.2.1, 1.4.3]. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in preclinical studies [1.4.3].
- Ferulic Acid: This is an antioxidant compound also used as a quality marker for Dong Quai products [1.4.3]. It has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating activities [1.4.3, 1.4.5].
- Polysaccharides: These complex carbohydrates have been studied for a wide range of biological activities, including immune system modulation, antioxidant effects, and hematopoietic (blood-building) activity [1.2.1, 1.4.1]. These polysaccharides may contribute to Dong Quai's reputation for improving anemia and acting as a blood tonic [1.2.2].
These compounds work synergistically. For example, the herb appears to normalize uterine activity by relaxing a contracted uterus and stimulating a relaxed one, helping to ease pelvic blood flow and relieve congestion and pain [1.2.1].
Primary Uses and Health Benefits of Angelica Tablets
While many of its uses are rooted in tradition, modern research has begun to investigate the claims associated with Angelica tablets. However, it's important to note that many studies are preliminary, conducted in vitro (in a lab) or on animals, or use Angelica in combination with other herbs, making it difficult to isolate its specific effects [1.7.1, 1.7.2].
Women's Health and Gynecological Conditions
This is the most well-known application of Angelica. It has been traditionally used for a wide range of female health concerns [1.5.4]:
- Menstrual Disorders: It is used for painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), absent periods (amenorrhea), and irregular cycles. Its spasmolytic effects on uterine muscles are thought to relieve cramps [1.2.1, 1.7.3].
- Menopausal Symptoms: Angelica is often included in formulas to alleviate menopausal symptoms like hot flashes [1.2.1]. Some research suggests it may help by influencing serotonin levels, which can affect the body's thermoregulation, though evidence for its use alone is not definitive [1.5.4]. An herbal product, EstroG-100, containing Angelica gigas (a related species) along with other herbs, was shown to significantly improve a range of menopausal symptoms in one study [1.2.1].
Blood and Circulatory Support
In TCM, Angelica is said to "nourish and activate blood" [1.2.2]. Research suggests polysaccharides in Angelica may have the potential to be used for blood replenishment [1.2.4]. The herb may also dilate coronary arteries and increase blood flow [1.5.5]. This makes it a traditional choice for conditions related to blood deficiency or poor circulation.
Anti-inflammatory and Pain-Relieving Effects
Active compounds like Z-ligustilide and ferulic acid possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and mediators [1.4.3, 1.4.5]. This action may contribute to its use in painful conditions like menstrual cramps, and some animal studies suggest it may provide relief for osteoarthritis by protecting cartilage and reducing inflammation [1.5.4].
Comparison of Herbal Remedies for Women's Health
| Feature | Angelica Tablet (A. sinensis) | Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) | Evening Primrose Oil |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Use | Menstrual regulation, cramps, blood tonic, menopausal symptoms [1.2.1] | Menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats), PMS | PMS symptoms (breast pain), eczema, rheumatoid arthritis |
| Mechanism | Spasmolytic, potential hormonal modulation, anti-inflammatory [1.2.1, 1.4.3] | Thought to affect serotonin pathways; not estrogenic | Provides gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid |
| Form | Dried root tablets, capsules, tinctures [1.6.3] | Dried root/rhizome tablets, extracts | Oil from seeds in capsules |
| Key Compound | Ligustilide, Ferulic Acid [1.4.3] | Triterpene glycosides | Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) |
Potential Side Effects and Safety Precautions
While generally considered to have low toxicity, Angelica is not without risks and potential side effects [1.5.5].
- Blood-Thinning Effects: Angelica contains coumarins and may have antiplatelet activity, which can slow blood clotting [1.3.1, 1.6.1]. This creates a significant risk of bleeding, especially for individuals taking anticoagulant medications like warfarin [1.8.2].
- Photosensitivity: The plant contains psoralens and furanocoumarins, which can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight (UV radiation), potentially leading to photodermatitis [1.2.1, 1.6.4, 1.8.2]. It is advisable to use sunblock when taking Angelica supplements.
- Hormonal Concerns: Due to its potential estrogenic effects, its use is cautioned in women with hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer, as some lab studies showed it stimulated the growth of breast cancer cells [1.2.1, 1.3.2].
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: It is contraindicated during pregnancy as it may cause uterine contractions [1.6.4]. Its safety during breastfeeding is not established and should be avoided [1.6.4, 1.8.2].
- Other Side Effects: It may cause hypertension (high blood pressure) in some individuals [1.3.2, 1.8.2]. Other reported side effects include stomach discomfort and diarrhea [1.2.4].
Dosage and Administration
There is no standard established dose for Angelica tablets [1.6.3]. Traditional doses of the dried root range from 3 to 15 grams per day, often in divided doses [1.2.4, 1.5.5, 1.6.1]. Supplement products typically contain 500-2,000 mg of powdered root or extract per serving [1.6.3]. It is crucial to follow the directions on the product label and consult a healthcare professional before use, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking other medications [1.6.3].
Conclusion
Angelica tablets, primarily derived from Angelica sinensis (Dong Quai), hold a significant place in traditional medicine, particularly for women's health. Its pharmacological properties are linked to active compounds like ligustilide and ferulic acid, which offer anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic benefits. While it is widely used for menstrual pain, irregular cycles, and menopausal symptoms, much of the evidence is based on traditional use and preliminary studies. Due to its potential to interact with medications (especially blood thinners) and its contraindications in conditions like pregnancy and hormone-sensitive cancers, consulting a healthcare provider before using Angelica tablets is essential for safety and appropriate use. Further high-quality human trials are needed to fully validate its therapeutic effects.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new supplement.
Authoritative Link: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
