What is AVIL Tablet?
AVIL Tablet is a medication classified as a first-generation antihistamine. Its active ingredient is pheniramine maleate, which works by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical produced by the body during an allergic reaction. Unlike modern, non-drowsy antihistamines, AVIL has pronounced sedative effects due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. It also possesses anticholinergic properties, which help reduce nasal and bronchial secretions.
Therapeutic uses of AVIL Tablet
The versatility of AVIL Tablet comes from its ability to treat a range of conditions, primarily related to allergic responses and inner ear disturbances. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting this medication to ensure it is appropriate for your specific condition.
Allergic Conditions
AVIL is most commonly prescribed for the management of various allergies.
- Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Provides relief from symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion.
- Skin Rashes and Itching: Effectively treats itching associated with skin conditions like urticaria (hives) and eczema. It can also help with allergic reactions caused by insect bites.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Alleviates the itchy and watery eyes that occur with eye allergies.
Motion Sickness and Inner Ear Disorders
The sedative and anti-nausea properties of pheniramine maleate make AVIL useful for treating travel-related issues.
- Motion Sickness: It is used for the prevention and treatment of travel sickness.
- Meniere's Disease and Vertigo: AVIL can help manage the nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with inner ear disorders like Meniere's disease.
Common Cold Symptoms
While it does not cure the common cold, AVIL can effectively relieve allergy-like symptoms that often accompany it, such as sneezing and a runny nose.
Mechanism of action
The pharmacological action of AVIL stems from its primary function as an H1-receptor antagonist. When the body is exposed to an allergen, it releases histamine, which binds to H1 receptors and triggers allergic symptoms like itching, swelling, and mucus production. Pheniramine maleate blocks these receptors, preventing histamine from acting and reducing these symptoms. Its anticholinergic properties also reduce excessive secretions in the respiratory tract.
Comparison of AVIL (First-Gen) vs. Modern Antihistamines
AVIL's first-generation status gives it different properties compared to newer, second-generation antihistamines.
| Feature | AVIL (First-Generation) | Cetirizine/Fexofenadine (Second-Generation) |
|---|---|---|
| Active Ingredient | Pheniramine maleate | Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine |
| Sedation | Causes significant drowsiness | Generally non-drowsy |
| Onset of Action | 15-30 minutes | Varies, but often similar or slightly slower |
| Duration of Effect | 16-19 hours | Up to 24 hours |
| Effect on Alertness | Impairs alertness; caution with driving | Minimal to no impairment |
| Anticholinergic Effects | Present; can cause dry mouth | Minimal to none |
Side effects
Like all medications, AVIL can cause side effects. The most common is sedation. Other side effects may include:
- Drowsiness or sleepiness
- Dryness of mouth, nose, and throat
- Blurred vision
- Dizziness or giddiness
- Constipation or other stomach issues
- Difficulty in urination
More serious side effects are rare but require immediate medical attention:
- Irregular or fast heartbeat
- Confusion, restlessness, or hallucinations
- Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
- Allergic reactions, such as hives or wheezing
Warnings and precautions
- Alcohol: Avoid consuming alcohol while taking AVIL, as it can significantly increase drowsiness and other side effects.
- Driving/Machinery: Due to its sedative effects, do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you understand how the medication affects you.
- Medical Conditions: Inform your doctor if you have an enlarged prostate, narrow-angle glaucoma, asthma, severe cardiovascular disease, or kidney/liver problems.
- Drug Interactions: Avoid taking AVIL with Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), sleeping pills, or other sedating drugs.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: AVIL is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless specifically advised by a doctor after weighing the risks and benefits.
- Pediatric Use: Not recommended for children under 5 years of age, newborns, or premature infants.
Conclusion
AVIL Tablet, with its active ingredient pheniramine maleate, is an effective first-generation antihistamine for treating various allergic reactions and motion sickness. Its strong sedative effects, however, require careful consideration, especially for individuals who need to remain alert. It is crucial to use this medication only under medical supervision and be aware of potential side effects and interactions to ensure safe and effective treatment.
For more detailed information, consult the product information leaflet from reliable sources, such as NPS MedicineWise.
