Composition and Mechanism of Action
Deriphyllin contains two active ingredients: theophylline and etofylline. Both are methylxanthine derivatives that act as bronchodilators. Their primary mechanism involves inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, which leads to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in smooth muscle cells. The subsequent increase in cAMP causes the smooth muscles of the airways to relax and widen, resulting in improved airflow.
Therapeutic Effects of Deriphyllin
- Relaxation of Airways: The combination of etofylline and theophylline provides a dual effect in widening the bronchial passages, which is crucial for managing obstructive respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD.
- Long-Term Control: Unlike rescue inhalers, Deriphyllin is intended for the long-term control of chronic respiratory symptoms, not for the immediate relief of acute attacks.
- Reduced Airway Sensitivity: Theophylline, one of the active components, helps reduce the airways' sensitivity to allergens and other irritants that can trigger constriction.
- Improved Breathing: By relaxing the airway muscles, Deriphyllin effectively relieves the symptoms of chest tightness, wheezing, and coughing, allowing patients to breathe more easily and enhance their daily activities.
Medical Conditions Treated by Deriphyllin Tablet
Deriphyllin is prescribed for the management of several chronic respiratory conditions, primarily targeting the underlying airway obstruction.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Deriphyllin helps in the long-term management of asthma symptoms by keeping the air passages open and preventing the inflammation and constriction that cause breathing difficulties. However, patients with asthma should always carry a rescue inhaler for sudden asthma attacks, as Deriphyllin does not provide immediate relief.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema, leading to obstructed airflow from the lungs. Deriphyllin is an effective treatment for managing COPD symptoms. It works by relaxing the airway muscles, which improves lung function and eases breathing. By widening the airways, it helps to alleviate the chronic shortness of breath and wheezing associated with the condition.
Other Breathing Difficulties
Beyond asthma and COPD, Deriphyllin can be used to treat other breathing problems caused by bronchospasm or narrowed airways. Its bronchodilating effect makes it a valuable medication for providing general relief from breathing difficulties.
Dosage and Administration
The dosage of Deriphyllin is typically determined by a doctor based on the patient's condition and response to the medication. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not to stop the treatment abruptly, as this can worsen symptoms. The tablet is usually taken orally with a full glass of water, either on an empty stomach or with meals to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort.
Comparison: Deriphyllin vs. Other Bronchodilators
Bronchodilators come in various forms and have different mechanisms of action. Here is a comparison of Deriphyllin with other common bronchodilators.
| Feature | Deriphyllin (Theophylline + Etofylline) | Beta-2 Agonists (e.g., Salbutamol) | Inhaled Corticosteroids (e.g., Budesonide) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Inhibits phosphodiesterase, relaxing smooth airway muscles. | Stimulates beta-2 receptors, causing direct smooth muscle relaxation. | Reduces inflammation in the airways. |
| Onset of Action | Slower acting, not suitable for acute attacks. | Rapid acting, used as a rescue medication. | Slower onset, primarily for long-term control. |
| Primary Use | Long-term management of asthma and COPD. | Immediate relief during an asthma attack. | Long-term control and prevention of symptoms. |
| Form | Oral tablets. | Inhaler. | Inhaler. |
| Effectiveness | Weaker bronchodilator effect compared to beta-2 agonists. | More effective for immediate bronchodilation. | Reduces underlying inflammation, not just symptoms. |
| Monitoring | Requires monitoring of serum levels due to narrow therapeutic window. | No routine blood level monitoring required. | No routine blood level monitoring required. |
Important Considerations and Contraindications
- Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, restlessness, dizziness, and stomach upset. High doses can lead to more serious effects like irregular heartbeat or seizures.
- Contraindications: Deriphyllin should be avoided in patients with severe liver or kidney disease, heart rhythm disorders, or a history of heart attack. It is also contraindicated in patients with a history of peptic ulcers.
- Drug Interactions: Deriphyllin can interact with other medications, and it is crucial to inform a healthcare team about all current medications. Smoking can also reduce the effectiveness of the drug.
- Monitoring: Due to its narrow therapeutic window, regular monitoring of blood levels may be required to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Conclusion
Deriphyllin, a combination of etofylline and theophylline, is a valuable bronchodilator for the long-term management of asthma and COPD. It works by relaxing the airways and improving airflow, thereby helping to control chronic symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. While effective for long-term control, it is not a substitute for rescue inhalers during acute exacerbations. Given its narrow therapeutic index and potential for side effects and drug interactions, careful medical supervision and adherence to the prescribed dosage are essential for safe and effective treatment.
