Primary Uses of Peritol Tablet
Peritol, known generically as cyproheptadine, is primarily utilized for two distinct therapeutic purposes, which stem from its potent antihistaminic and antiserotonergic properties.
Treating Allergic Conditions
As a first-generation antihistamine, Peritol effectively blocks the action of histamine, a substance released by the body during allergic reactions. This makes it useful for relieving a variety of allergy-related symptoms and conditions, including allergic rhinitis, urticaria (hives), pruritus (itching), allergic skin inflammation, eczema, and reactions to insect bites or certain blood products.
Appetite Stimulation and Weight Gain
A notable and widely used secondary effect of Peritol is its ability to stimulate appetite, leading to weight gain. This effect is believed to be mediated by its antiserotonergic action, affecting the satiety center in the hypothalamus. It is often prescribed for individuals with poor appetite or those who are underweight due to chronic illness, especially in children.
The Mechanism of Action: How Peritol Works
Peritol's active ingredient, cyproheptadine, blocks both histamine H1 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, explaining its range of effects. This includes preventing histamine from causing allergic symptoms, increasing appetite via serotonin receptor action, and causing side effects like dry mouth and drowsiness due to anticholinergic and central depressant properties.
Comparison with Other Antihistamines
Peritol, a first-generation antihistamine, differs from newer, second-generation antihistamines. Key differences include Peritol causing significant drowsiness and appetite increase, blocking both histamine and serotonin receptors, and easily crossing the blood-brain barrier, while second-generation types are generally less sedating, don't stimulate appetite, primarily block H1 receptors, and don't easily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Side Effects and Safety Profile
Peritol is associated with several side effects, including common ones like drowsiness, increased appetite, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, and headache. Less common but serious effects can include severe mood changes, tremors, difficulty urinating, and irregular heartbeat. Caution is advised in elderly patients due to increased risk of side effects, and it's not recommended for children under 2. It's advised to avoid driving or operating machinery and consuming alcohol due to increased sedative effects.
Who Should Avoid Taking Peritol?
Peritol should not be taken by individuals with acute asthma attacks, narrow-angle glaucoma, specific stomach or urinary tract obstructions, or an allergy to cyproheptadine. It is also contraindicated with MAO inhibitors. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before use.
Conclusion
Peritol Tablet is primarily used for managing allergic reactions and stimulating appetite, with off-label applications for conditions like migraines. Its active ingredient, cyproheptadine, blocks both histamine and serotonin receptors. As a first-generation antihistamine, it has a notable risk of side effects, including significant drowsiness and weight gain. Peritol should only be used under medical supervision, and it is essential to be aware of contraindications and precautions. [Link: MedlinePlus.gov https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682541.html]
