Introduction to Vinylinum (Polyvinox)
Vinylinum, more formally known by its chemical name Polyvinox or as Shostakovsky Balsam, is a medicinal preparation with a long history of use, particularly in Eastern Europe. It is a polymer of polyvinyl butyl ether, presenting as a thick, viscous, light-yellow liquid with a characteristic odor. A key physical property is that it does not dry out or thicken when exposed to air, allowing it to form a long-lasting protective barrier. This substance is recognized for a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial growth) actions. Its primary function is to promote the cleansing of wounds, stimulate the regeneration of damaged tissues, and accelerate epithelization—the process of new skin growth over an injury.
The History and Development of Shostakovsky Balsam
Vinylinum was first formulated by the Soviet chemist Mikhail Fyodorovich Shostakovsky in 1940. Its development came at a critical time, and it became a predominant medical supply for treating wounds during World War II in Russia, preceding the widespread availability of penicillin. Its effectiveness in battlefield conditions cemented its place in regional medicine. Following the war, its applications expanded beyond simple wound care. Researchers and clinicians began exploring its use for a variety of other conditions. It was adopted for treating more complex skin issues and, significantly, for internal use to manage gastrointestinal problems like stomach ulcers. Today, it continues to be manufactured and widely used in countries like Ukraine and Russia and is registered in the European Union as a cosmetic product for skin treatment.
Mechanism of Action and Pharmacological Effects
Vinylinum's efficacy stems from its unique mode of action. When applied to the skin or mucous membranes, it creates a durable, isolating layer. This physical barrier serves several purposes:
- Protection: It shields the affected area from external irritants and prevents secondary infections from bacteria and other pathogens.
- Wound Cleansing: It helps to clean wounds by facilitating the removal of pus and necrotic (dead) tissue.
- Tissue Regeneration: By creating a stable and protected environment, the balsam accelerates the natural healing processes, including the growth and regeneration of tissue.
- Anti-inflammatory and Bacteriostatic: The preparation possesses inherent anti-inflammatory properties that reduce swelling and pain, as well as a bacteriostatic effect that stops bacteria from multiplying, further aiding the healing process.
Applications in Dermatology
Externally, Vinylinum is applied to treat a wide spectrum of dermatological conditions. Its regenerative and protective properties make it effective for:
- Wounds and Injuries: Including cuts, scrapes, and other soft tissue injuries.
- Burns and Frostbite: It provides a protective layer that aids healing and prevents infection in damaged skin.
- Purulent Wounds and Ulcers: It is used on boils (furuncles), carbuncles, and trophic ulcers to help clear infection and promote tissue repair.
- Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Conditions like dermatitis can be managed with Vinylinum due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
Applications in Gastroenterology
One of the unique aspects of Vinylinum is its internal use for treating gastrointestinal disorders. When taken orally, it coats the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach, providing relief and promoting healing for conditions such as:
- Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers: The balsam forms a protective coat over the ulcer crater, shielding it from stomach acid and allowing it to heal. The specific dosage and duration of treatment should be determined by a healthcare professional.
- Gastritis with High Acidity: Its coating action helps manage symptoms like severe heartburn associated with gastritis. A healthcare provider can recommend an appropriate administration schedule.
Comparison of Topical Treatments
| Feature | Vinylinum (Shostakovsky Balsam) | Povidone-Iodine (e.g., Betadine) | Bacitracin/Polymyxin B (e.g., Polysporin) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Mechanism | Forms a physical, regenerative barrier; bacteriostatic | Broad-spectrum antiseptic that kills bacteria, viruses, and fungi | Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
| Action | Protective, anti-inflammatory, promotes tissue regeneration | Primarily microbicidal | Primarily antibacterial |
| Use on Open Wounds | Yes, designed for wounds, burns, and ulcers | Yes, used for disinfecting minor cuts and scrapes | Yes, used to prevent infection in minor cuts and burns |
| Internal Use | Yes, for gastritis and ulcers in some regions | No, toxic if ingested | No, for topical use only |
| Dry-out Property | Does not dry out, providing a lasting coat | Dries on the skin | Ointment base provides moisture but is less of a barrier |
Side Effects, Contraindications, and Availability
For external use, Vinylinum is generally well-tolerated, though allergic reactions are possible. Internal use carries more significant contraindications. It should not be taken orally by individuals with diseases of the liver, gallbladder, or kidneys. Furthermore, its internal use is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women or for children under 18 years of age.
Vinylinum is widely available in Russia, Ukraine, and other Eastern European countries. While it is registered for cosmetic skin treatment in the EU, it is not an approved drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is typically sold in the US through online retailers specializing in international products.
Conclusion
Vinylinum, or Shostakovsky Balsam, is a versatile medication with a rich history. Its unique mechanism of forming a protective, regenerative barrier makes it effective for a wide array of external and internal conditions, from minor cuts and burns to serious gastric ulcers. While a staple in Eastern European pharmacology, its availability and regulatory status vary significantly in other parts of the world. Its dual-use capability, long shelf life, and proven efficacy in tissue regeneration ensure its continued relevance in modern pharmacotherapy.
Authoritative Link: Google Patents - Method for preparing Shostakovsky Balsam
