Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal medication effective against many fungal pathogens. It works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, a vital component of fungal cell membranes. It treats both systemic and superficial infections.
Systemic Fungal Infections
Itraconazole is used for several serious systemic mycoses, including:
- Aspergillosis
- Blastomycosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis (sometimes for mild pulmonary cases)
- Talaromycosis
- Chromoblastomycosis
Superficial Fungal Infections
Itraconazole also treats superficial mycoses, such as:
- Onychomycosis (fungal nail infections)
- Dermatophyte Infections (various forms of ringworm)
- Pityriasis Versicolor
- Candidiasis (oral and esophageal)
Comparison: Itraconazole vs. Fluconazole
Both are triazole antifungals, but differ in key areas:
| Feature | Itraconazole | Fluconazole |
|---|---|---|
| Antifungal Spectrum | Broader, covers Aspergillus and dimorphic fungi. | Narrower, less activity against Aspergillus. |
| Formulations | Capsules, oral solution, IV. | Oral, IV. |
| Tissue Penetration | Concentrates well in skin and nails. | Good penetration into body fluids, including CSF. |
| Absorption | Variable, depends on gastric acidity and formulation. | Better absorption, less affected by food/acidity. |
| Drug Interactions | Significant potential due to CYP3A4 inhibition. | Potential for interactions, generally less potent inhibitor. |
Safety Considerations
Itraconazole carries warnings about drug interactions and cardiac effects. It is contraindicated for nail infections in patients with congestive heart failure. It can interact with other medications. Capsule and solution forms are not interchangeable.
Conclusion
Itraconazole is effective against a broad range of fungal infections, from systemic diseases to superficial conditions. For more details, consult resources like the MedlinePlus drug information page {Link: MedlinePlus https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692049.html}.
