Understanding Blisters on the Tongue
Blisters or sores on the tongue are a common ailment that can cause significant discomfort, making it painful to eat, drink, and talk. These lesions are often canker sores (aphthous ulcers), which are small, round, or oval-shaped ulcers with a white or yellowish center and a red border. They are not contagious. While the exact cause is often unclear, triggers can include minor injury from accidentally biting your tongue, stress, hormonal changes, and deficiencies in certain vitamins like B12, zinc, or iron. Most minor canker sores, which account for about 80% of cases, heal on their own within 7 to 10 days. However, for persistent or particularly painful blisters, various medications can provide relief and promote healing.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications for Tongue Blisters
For most minor tongue blisters, readily available OTC products are the first line of defense. These treatments focus on relieving pain, protecting the sore, and preventing infection.
Topical Anesthetics and Analgesics
Topical anesthetics work by numbing the affected area to provide temporary pain relief. Products containing benzocaine or lidocaine are commonly used. They come in gel, liquid, or paste forms. Follow product instructions for application.
Oral Protectants and Coating Agents
These products create a protective film over the blister, shielding it from irritation from food, drinks, and movement. This can reduce pain and help the sore heal. Some are available as dissolvable patches. Liquids like milk of magnesia or bismuth subsalicylate can also be used as a rinse.
Antiseptic and Cleansing Oral Rinses
Antiseptic mouthwashes help keep the area clean, reduce infection risk, and promote healing. Rinses with hydrogen peroxide are used to cleanse the wound. You can also make a rinse by mixing equal parts hydrogen peroxide and water. Other antiseptics like chlorhexidine may require a prescription.
Prescription Medications for Severe Blisters
When OTC treatments aren't enough, or for large, long-lasting, or frequent blisters, a doctor or dentist may recommend prescription medication.
Topical Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids reduce swelling and pain, and speed up healing. They are a common treatment for recurrent or severe sores. Examples include triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, and clobetasol in pastes, gels, or ointments. A steroid rinse like dexamethasone may be prescribed for widespread sores.
'Magic Mouthwash'
This is a compounded prescription, often containing an anesthetic (like viscous lidocaine), an antihistamine, an antacid, a corticosteroid, and potentially an antifungal or antibiotic. It's mixed by a pharmacist to numb pain, reduce inflammation, and help other ingredients coat the mouth.
Systemic Medications
In very severe, unresponsive cases, doctors may prescribe oral medications like systemic corticosteroids or colchicine, though these are typically a last resort due to potential side effects.
Comparison of Common Tongue Blister Treatments
| Feature | Topical Anesthetics (e.g., Benzocaine) | Topical Corticosteroids (Prescription) | Antiseptic Rinses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Action | Numbs pain temporarily | Reduces inflammation to promote healing | Cleanses the area and helps prevent infection |
| Best For | Immediate relief from acute pain | Severe or recurrent non-infectious sores (canker sores) | General oral hygiene during an outbreak, minor irritations |
| Availability | Over-the-counter | Prescription only | Over-the-counter |
| Application | Gel or liquid applied directly to the sore | Paste or gel applied to the dried ulcer | Swished in the mouth and spit out |
When to See a Doctor
While most tongue blisters resolve on their own, consult a doctor or dentist if:
- The sore lasts longer than two weeks.
- Blisters are unusually large or recur frequently.
- Pain is severe and unmanaged by self-care.
- You have difficulty eating or drinking.
- You have a high fever, skin rash, or diarrhea with the sores.
- The sore starts after beginning a new medication.
Conclusion
Choosing what medicine is good for blisters on your tongue depends on the cause and severity. OTC options like topical anesthetics, protective pastes, and antiseptic rinses are effective for common canker sores. For severe, persistent, or frequent blisters, a medical evaluation is essential for stronger prescription treatments like topical corticosteroids or 'magic mouthwash'. If your condition is severe or lasts over two weeks, seek professional advice.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always seek the advice of your dentist or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment.
For more information on oral health, you can visit the American Dental Association.
