Claritin, with the active ingredient loratadine, is a popular non-drowsy antihistamine used to relieve allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and a runny nose. While it is generally considered safe, certain substances, medications, and conditions can interfere with its action or cause unwanted side effects. Understanding these interactions is key to using Claritin responsibly and effectively.
Alcohol and Other Sedating Substances
Claritin is marketed as a 'non-drowsy' antihistamine, and it causes less sleepiness than older-generation antihistamines like Benadryl. However, combining Claritin with alcohol or other substances that depress the central nervous system (CNS) can significantly increase the risk of drowsiness and dizziness.
- Alcohol: As a CNS depressant, alcohol can amplify Claritin's mild sedative effects, leading to impaired coordination and judgment. The combination can be particularly dangerous when driving or operating machinery. In addition, some studies suggest antihistamines might slow the body's metabolism of alcohol, prolonging its effects. It is safest to avoid or limit alcohol consumption entirely while on Claritin.
- Other Oral Antihistamines: Do not take Claritin with other oral antihistamines, especially sedating ones, unless directed by a healthcare professional. Combining them increases the risk of side effects such as drowsiness, headache, and dry mouth. Some over-the-counter (OTC) combination cold and flu products also contain antihistamines, so it is vital to read the label carefully before combining.
- Medications that Cause Drowsiness: Many other medications can cause sleepiness. Taking Claritin alongside these can worsen this effect. Examples include:
- Opioid pain medications (e.g., oxycodone)
- Muscle relaxers (e.g., cyclobenzaprine)
- Benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam)
- Sleeping medications (e.g., zolpidem)
- Nighttime cold medications (e.g., NyQuil)
Drug and Supplement Interactions
While Claritin has minimal drug interactions compared to older antihistamines, a few notable ones can affect its efficacy or increase the risk of side effects.
- Erythromycin, Ketoconazole, and Cimetidine: These medications can increase the blood concentration of loratadine by inhibiting its elimination from the body. This can lead to a higher risk of adverse effects from Claritin.
- Supplements and Herbal Products: Certain supplements can interfere with Claritin. For instance, St. John's Wort can interact with other medications, and Ginkgo Biloba has blood-thinning properties. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about any supplements you are taking.
- Multivitamins: Claritin generally has no known interactions with multivitamins. However, it is always best to consult your healthcare provider to be certain, especially if the multivitamin contains other components or supplements.
Precautions for Certain Medical Conditions
Some pre-existing health conditions require caution or dose adjustment when taking Claritin.
- Liver or Kidney Disease: Patients with liver or kidney impairment may not be able to clear loratadine from their system as effectively. In these cases, a doctor may recommend a lower dose.
- Phenylketonuria (PKU): Some formulations of Claritin, particularly the orally disintegrating tablets, may contain phenylalanine. Individuals with PKU must consult their doctor before using these products to avoid complications.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: While generally considered safe, it is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before taking Claritin during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Allergy Testing
For anyone undergoing allergy skin testing, Claritin must be stopped beforehand to ensure accurate results. Antihistamines block the allergic response, which can lead to false-negative test results.
- Stop 5-7 Days Before: The standard recommendation is to stop taking oral antihistamines like Claritin for at least five to seven days before your allergy test.
- Read Labels: Be aware that many combination OTC cold and allergy medications also contain antihistamines that must be avoided.
Claritin vs. Claritin-D Comparison
It's crucial to understand the difference between regular Claritin (loratadine) and Claritin-D, which includes the decongestant pseudoephedrine. This additional ingredient has more significant interactions and precautions.
| Feature | Claritin (Loratadine) | Claritin-D (Loratadine & Pseudoephedrine) |
|---|---|---|
| Active Ingredient(s) | Loratadine | Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine |
| Primary Use | Relieves sneezing, itching, runny nose. | Relieves nasal congestion in addition to allergy symptoms. |
| Drowsiness | Less common, often considered non-drowsy. | Potential for insomnia, restlessness due to stimulant pseudoephedrine. |
| Blood Pressure | Does not typically increase blood pressure. | Can increase blood pressure; avoid with uncontrolled high blood pressure. |
| MAOI Interactions | No specific contraindication reported. | Contraindicated; avoid if you have taken an MAOI within the past 14 days. |
| Caution for Medical Conditions | Use with caution in liver or kidney disease. | Use with caution in heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, thyroid disease, or enlarged prostate. |
Conclusion
While Claritin is a safe and effective remedy for many allergy sufferers, it is not without important considerations. Avoiding alcohol and other sedating medications is crucial for preventing increased drowsiness and impaired function. Be cautious when combining Claritin with certain drugs like erythromycin, ketoconazole, and cimetidine, as they can alter the medication's concentration in the body. For individuals with liver or kidney disease and those with phenylketonuria, consultation with a healthcare provider is essential for appropriate dosage and formulation selection. Finally, remember to stop Claritin a week before any allergy skin testing to ensure accurate results. Always read the label and talk to a healthcare professional if you have questions about what to avoid while taking Claritin to guarantee a safe and effective treatment experience. More information on medication safety can be found on reputable sites like the National Institutes of Health.
