A Step-by-Step Guide to Applying Ophthalmic Ointment
Applying ophthalmic ointment correctly is essential for treating eye conditions and preventing contamination. The process involves meticulous steps, from preparation to post-application care, to ensure the medication reaches its intended target without introducing infection. Following these instructions, adapted from best practices, can improve treatment outcomes.
Step 1: Prepare for the Application
Before you begin, proper preparation sets the stage for a safe and effective application.
- Wash your hands thoroughly: Use soap and water to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. This is the single most critical step to prevent introducing germs into your eye.
- Gather your supplies: You will need the ophthalmic ointment, a clean tissue, and a mirror (optional, but helpful).
- Read the instructions: Always double-check the medication's label for specific instructions from your healthcare provider, including the correct eye to treat and the dosage.
- Warm the tube: If the ointment is difficult to squeeze, you can roll the capped tube between your hands for 20–30 seconds to warm it up, making it easier to dispense.
Step 2: Position Yourself for Success
Finding a comfortable and stable position will help you maintain control during application, especially if your hand is unsteady.
- Sit or lie down: Sit in a chair or lie flat on your back, whichever is more comfortable for you. This helps minimize accidental movement during application.
- Tilt your head back: If sitting, tilt your head slightly backward and look up toward the ceiling. This position helps prevent the natural blinking reflex.
Step 3: Administer the Ointment
This is the most delicate part of the process, requiring a steady hand and focus on technique.
- Create the eyelid pocket: Use your index finger to gently pull down your lower eyelid. This creates a small pocket, or "sac," between your eyelid and eyeball.
- Hold the tube carefully: Hold the ointment tube in your other hand, bracing it against your forehead or cheek for stability.
- Apply the ointment: Squeeze a thin ribbon of ointment, approximately 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, into the eyelid pocket.
- Avoid contamination: Crucially, do not let the tip of the tube touch your eye, eyelid, or eyelashes. If it does, discard the tube and use a new one to prevent infection.
Step 4: After the Application
Once the ointment is in your eye, a few more steps are necessary to ensure proper absorption and clean up.
- Close your eye gently: After applying the ribbon, release your lower eyelid and close your eye for 1 to 2 minutes.
- Gently roll your eye: With your eye closed, gently roll your eyeball to help spread the ointment evenly across the surface.
- Wipe excess ointment: Use a clean tissue to blot any excess ointment from your eyelids and lashes. Do not rub your eye.
- Re-wash your hands: Wash your hands again to remove any lingering medication residue.
Special Considerations for Ophthalmic Medication
Combining Eye Drops and Ointments
If your treatment plan includes both eye drops and ophthalmic ointment for the same eye, follow this specific order to maximize effectiveness:
- Administer eye drops first: Apply the eye drops first, as their liquid formula is absorbed more quickly.
- Wait for absorption: Wait at least 5 minutes after administering the drops before applying the ointment. The thicker ointment could block the absorption of the drops if applied first.
Blurry Vision
Ophthalmic ointments are thick and can cause temporary blurry vision. This is a normal side effect and should resolve within a few minutes. For this reason, many doctors recommend applying ointments at bedtime to minimize inconvenience. Avoid driving or operating machinery until your vision has cleared.
Applying Ointment to a Child
Applying ointment to a child requires a modified technique and patience.
- Position the child: Have the child lie down on their back. If they are very young, wrapping them in a blanket can help keep their arms and legs still.
- Place the ointment: For a cooperative child, follow the same technique as for an adult. For uncooperative children or babies, you can place a small amount of ointment in the inner corner of their closed eye. When they eventually open their eye, the ointment will seep in.
- Encourage blinking: Ask older children to blink gently to spread the ointment. For younger children, a gentle, side-to-side movement of the eye can help distribute it.
Comparison: Ophthalmic Ointment vs. Eye Drops
| Feature | Ophthalmic Ointment | Eye Drops (Solution) |
|---|---|---|
| Consistency | Thick, greasy consistency | Thin, watery consistency |
| Absorption Rate | Absorbed more slowly and remains on the eye longer | Absorbed quickly and is washed away by tears more rapidly |
| Vision Impact | Causes temporary blurred vision | Generally does not cause blurred vision, unless formulated differently |
| Timing of Use | Often recommended for nighttime use | Can be used throughout the day |
| Contamination Risk | Lower risk of contamination if the tip is kept clean | Higher risk if dropper tip touches the eye |
| Recommended Order | Always applied after eye drops | Always applied before ointment |
Conclusion: Mastering the Technique for Better Eye Health
Mastering the proper technique for ophthalmic ointment application is a key part of ensuring effective treatment and preventing further eye complications. From the initial hand washing to the final wipe-down, each step is designed to maximize the medication's therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. By following the systematic approach outlined here, you can confidently and safely administer eye medication, whether for yourself or a child. Always consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns or questions about your specific treatment plan.
For more information on safe medication practices, you can visit the Safe Medication website maintained by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
