Which Cannabinoids Are Most Anti-Inflammatory?

October 13, 2025 •

4 min read

While hundreds of studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of cannabis, emerging evidence highlights specific cannabinoids, such as CBD and CBG, as particularly potent modulators of the immune response. This makes understanding which cannabinoids are most anti-inflammatory a crucial topic for researchers and consumers alike.

Quick Summary

Comparing cannabinoids reveals cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) as particularly strong anti-inflammatory agents, while the role of THC is more complex. The interaction of multiple compounds in full-spectrum extracts may enhance these effects.

Key Points

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a leading anti-inflammatory cannabinoid: It significantly reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 while demonstrating strong antioxidant properties.
Cannabigerol (CBG) is highly effective for localized inflammation: Studies show it reduces inflammation in the gut, making it promising for IBD, and topical application improves skin conditions like dermatitis.
The 'entourage effect' enhances anti-inflammatory potential: Full-spectrum cannabis extracts often exhibit superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to isolated cannabinoids due to the synergy between multiple compounds.
THC offers anti-inflammatory effects but with psychoactivity: While it does interact with receptors involved in immune responses, its psychoactive nature and varied efficacy make it less straightforward for inflammation relief than non-intoxicating options.
CBC and THCV show promising but limited research: Cannabichromene (CBC) works through alternative pathways and reduces inflammatory markers, while Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) has emerging neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
The best cannabinoid choice depends on the specific condition and desired effect: Some cannabinoids are better for systemic inflammation (CBD), while others target localized issues (CBG, CBC), and the presence of THC may influence overall outcome.

Inflammation is a fundamental biological process, but when it becomes chronic, it is implicated in numerous diseases, including arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Cannabis contains over a hundred active compounds known as cannabinoids, many of which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties by interacting with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS) and other molecular pathways. However, not all cannabinoids are created equal when it comes to combating inflammation. Researchers have identified several key candidates with significant potential.

The Anti-Inflammatory Powerhouses: CBD and CBG

Cannabidiol (CBD)

CBD, or cannabidiol, is arguably the most researched cannabinoid for its anti-inflammatory effects. It is non-psychoactive, meaning it does not produce the 'high' associated with cannabis, making it an appealing therapeutic option for many.

CBD's anti-inflammatory action is multifaceted, involving modulation of the immune system and antioxidant activity.

Modulates Cytokine Production: CBD influences the body's production of signaling proteins called cytokines. It can decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, while potentially increasing anti-inflammatory ones, helping to balance the immune response.
Exhibits Antioxidant Effects: By targeting free radicals, CBD also addresses oxidative stress, a process intimately linked with inflammation.
Targets Cellular Pathways: In studies on conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, CBD has been shown to reduce inflammatory responses by targeting synovial fibroblasts and mitochondrial functions.

Cannabigerol (CBG)

Cannabigerol, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, is another potent anti-inflammatory agent, though with fewer studies compared to CBD. CBG has shown particular promise for certain types of inflammation, especially those affecting the digestive and nervous systems.

Potential for IBD: In a murine model of colitis, CBG significantly reduced intestinal inflammation, oedema, and neutrophil infiltration. This suggests its potential therapeutic value for inflammatory bowel diseases.
Targets Neuroinflammation: Studies indicate CBG can protect against inflammation in the brain, offering neuroprotective properties relevant to conditions like Huntington's disease.
Effective on Skin Inflammation: Topical applications of CBG have demonstrated benefits in reducing redness and inflammation associated with atopic dermatitis in clinical studies.

The Complex Role of THC and Other Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

THC is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, and it possesses anti-inflammatory properties by activating cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. THC's anti-inflammatory actions are often studied alongside its psychoactive effects, which may limit its usefulness for some patients seeking inflammation relief without a 'high'. A systematic review found that while THC plus CBD combinations effectively reduced inflammatory cytokines in animal models, THC alone did not consistently demonstrate this effect. However, it can help with neuropathic pain, which is often linked to inflammation.

Cannabichromene (CBC)

Cannabichromene is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that, like CBG, is less studied but shows promising anti-inflammatory potential. Its mechanisms differ somewhat from other cannabinoids.

Non-Traditional Mechanisms: CBC's anti-inflammatory effects are believed to be mediated by non-cannabinoid receptor pathways, including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels like TRPA1 and TRPV1, which are involved in pain perception and inflammation.
Reduces Inflammatory Markers: Studies in animal and macrophage cell models have shown CBC can significantly reduce pro-inflammatory markers like iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α.

Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)

THCV is another minor cannabinoid with emerging research suggesting anti-inflammatory properties. Its interaction with CB receptors is dose-dependent and more nuanced than THC. Early research indicates THCV may help regulate blood sugar and act as a neuroprotective agent, with potential benefits for inflammatory conditions like Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis.

The Entourage Effect and Formulation

Several studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory effects of full-spectrum cannabis extracts may be superior to those of isolated cannabinoids. This phenomenon is known as the 'entourage effect,' where the presence of multiple cannabis compounds, including other minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, work synergistically to enhance therapeutic outcomes. For instance, some terpenes like beta-caryophyllene are potent anti-inflammatory agents in their own right and can complement cannabinoid action. A high-CBD extract was found to be more effective than pure CBD in a mouse model of inflammation, supporting the entourage effect.

Comparison of Anti-Inflammatory Cannabinoids


Cannabinoid	Anti-inflammatory Strength	Psychoactivity	Primary Mechanism	Research Status	Target Areas	Best for...
CBD	High	None	Modulates cytokine production, antioxidant	High	Systemic, joints, skin	Broad-spectrum inflammation, pain
CBG	High	None	Interacts with CB2 and TRP receptors	Moderate	Digestive system, skin, neuroinflammation	Targeted inflammation (IBD, dermatitis)
THC	Moderate to High	High	Activates CB1 and CB2 receptors	High	Systemic, neuropathic pain	Pain and inflammation where psychoactivity is acceptable
CBC	Moderate	None	Interacts with TRP channels, modulates ECS	Low	Systemic, localized inflammation	Complementing other cannabinoids
THCV	Emerging	Variable (low-high dose)	Complex CB receptor interaction, TRP channels	Emerging	Neuroinflammation, metabolic conditions	Appetite suppression, neuroprotection with anti-inflammatory effects

Conclusion

While many cannabinoids show promise, current research suggests that CBD and CBG are the most potent and well-studied anti-inflammatory agents, especially for individuals seeking relief without psychoactive effects. CBD's broad systemic and antioxidant actions make it a versatile option, while CBG excels in addressing specific inflammatory issues like those in the gut or skin. THC also has anti-inflammatory properties, but its psychoactivity is a key consideration. The concept of the 'entourage effect' suggests that full-spectrum products containing multiple cannabinoids and terpenes may offer enhanced therapeutic benefits compared to isolates. As research continues to unfold, a clearer picture of the most effective cannabinoids for specific inflammatory conditions will emerge. Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to determine the best approach for individual needs.

Learn more about the endocannabinoid system's role in inflammation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Cannabidiol (CBD) is widely regarded as one of the best cannabinoids for systemic inflammation. Its ability to modulate immune system activity and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production makes it effective for widespread inflammatory conditions.

Yes, THC does possess anti-inflammatory properties by activating CB1 and CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system. However, its psychoactive effects and the potential for a less consistent anti-inflammatory response compared to CBD or CBG should be considered.

Neither CBG nor CBD is definitively 'better' for all types of inflammation. While CBD is often preferred for broad systemic effects, CBG has shown particular promise for localized inflammation in specific areas, such as the gut and skin. The best choice depends on the individual's needs.

The 'entourage effect' is the theory that multiple cannabis compounds, including various cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, work together synergistically to produce a more profound therapeutic effect than any single isolated compound. Studies have shown that full-spectrum extracts can be more effective for inflammation than pure CBD.

Non-psychoactive cannabinoids like CBD and CBG reduce inflammation by modulating the immune system's cytokine production, exhibiting antioxidant properties, and interacting with various non-CB1/CB2 receptors, including TRP channels.

Cannabichromene (CBC) has shown anti-inflammatory effects by modulating immune pathways and interacting with specific TRP channels. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its ability to reduce pro-inflammatory markers in cells and animal models.

A full-spectrum product is generally recommended for inflammation due to the potential benefits of the 'entourage effect.' The synergistic action of multiple compounds can lead to a more effective anti-inflammatory response compared to using an isolated cannabinoid.