Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), also known as Deanol, is a compound often marketed as a cognitive enhancer. While some studies, primarily from the 1970s, explored its potential to improve mood and attention in children, the evidence is largely inconclusive and dated. However, a significant body of information highlights serious risks and contraindications that make DMAE unsuitable for many people.
Medical Conditions Requiring Caution or Avoidance
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to conceive should never take oral DMAE. Animal studies have shown that DMAE can interfere with choline metabolism and cause neural tube defects, like spina bifida. Since the neural tube forms very early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant, avoidance is essential for anyone who could become pregnant. The safety for nursing infants is also not established, making it prudent to avoid DMAE while breastfeeding.
Psychiatric Conditions
Individuals with certain mental health disorders are advised to avoid DMAE, as it can worsen symptoms.
- Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression): DMAE is considered a central nervous system stimulant and may trigger manic episodes or hypomania in people with bipolar disorder.
- Schizophrenia: It is known to potentially exacerbate symptoms of schizophrenia.
- Depression: While some anecdotal reports suggest mood benefits, some people experience worsened depression, and confusion and vivid dreams have also been reported side effects.
Epilepsy and Convulsive Disorders
People with epilepsy or a history of convulsions should not take DMAE. DMAE is thought to potentially lower the seizure threshold, increasing the risk of seizures. Manufacturers of DMAE supplements consistently include warnings against its use in individuals with these conditions.
Liver and Kidney Disease
The body's ability to process and eliminate DMAE can be compromised in those with severe liver or kidney disease. This can lead to the build-up of the supplement in the body, potentially increasing the risk of side effects. It is critical for anyone with these conditions to consult a doctor before considering DMAE.
High Blood Pressure
DMAE has been associated with elevated blood pressure, particularly at higher doses. Individuals with pre-existing hypertension or a predisposition to high blood pressure should be cautious and monitor their blood pressure closely if taking DMAE under medical supervision.
Potential Drug Interactions
DMAE may interfere with several classes of medications, with potentially dangerous consequences.
- Anticholinergic Drugs: These medications block the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and are used for conditions like Parkinson's disease, COPD, and overactive bladder. Because DMAE is thought to increase acetylcholine, it can counteract the effects of these drugs, rendering them less effective.
- Cholinergic Drugs (Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors): These medications, including those for Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma, work by increasing acetylcholine levels. Taking DMAE with these drugs could lead to an excessive increase in acetylcholine, intensifying both the effects and side effects.
- Blood Thinners (Anticoagulants): Caution is advised when combining DMAE with blood-thinning medications like Warfarin, as it may increase the risk of bleeding complications.
DMAE for Skincare vs. Oral Supplements
While this article primarily focuses on oral supplementation, DMAE is also used in topical skincare products. The risks and contraindications differ between the two applications. For topical use, the primary risks are localized, such as skin irritation, redness, or swelling. Systemic issues like worsening mental health or neural tube defects are specifically linked to oral intake. However, as with any skincare ingredient, a patch test is recommended, and caution is still necessary for individuals with sensitive skin.
| Condition / Scenario | Status for Oral DMAE | Rationale | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy/Lactation | Avoid | Risk of neural tube defects and unknown safety for infants. | Do not use. |
| Bipolar Disorder | Avoid | May trigger or worsen manic episodes. | Do not use. |
| Epilepsy | Avoid | May lower seizure threshold and increase seizure risk. | Do not use. |
| Taking Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors | Avoid | Could lead to excessive acetylcholine levels, increasing side effects. | Do not use. |
| High Blood Pressure | Use with caution | May elevate blood pressure, especially at high doses. | Consult a doctor and monitor BP. |
| Liver/Kidney Disease | Use with caution | Compromised elimination could lead to build-up and side effects. | Consult a doctor before use. |
| Healthy Adult | Requires caution | Side effects like headaches, insomnia, or anxiety are still possible. | Start with a low dose and consult a doctor. |
Conclusion: Prioritizing Safety Before Supplementation
Ultimately, DMAE is a supplement with limited, outdated research supporting its supposed cognitive benefits. However, there is ample evidence of significant risks for certain populations, including pregnant or nursing women, individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy, or those taking specific medications. The lack of conclusive safety data, especially regarding long-term oral use, necessitates extreme caution. Anyone considering DMAE should have a comprehensive discussion with their healthcare provider to weigh potential risks against any perceived benefits. Never start a new supplement without professional medical guidance, especially if you have an underlying health condition or are on prescription medication. For further details on potential risks, you can refer to authoritative sources like the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
