In 2022, many consumers noticed that the once-common liquid form of magnesium citrate disappeared from store shelves at major retailers like CVS, Walgreens, and Walmart. This was not a random occurrence but the direct result of a major nationwide recall. While the situation initially caused confusion and inconvenience, understanding the pharmacology and market dynamics behind the change provides clarity.
The 2022 Recall of Liquid Magnesium Citrate
Beginning in June 2022, Vi-Jon, LLC, a key supplier of oral liquid magnesium citrate, initiated a voluntary recall of its products. The initial recall affected a single lot of lemon-flavored oral solution sold at CVS, but it was quickly expanded. By July 25, 2022, the recall encompassed all flavors and lots within their expiration date, with the recall being expanded further to include products distributed worldwide.
The reason for the recall was the potential for microbial contamination with Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens, a bacterium identified by third-party testing. For most healthy individuals, this bacterium may not pose a significant threat. However, for immunocompromised patients who consume the product, the infection risk is significantly higher and could lead to life-threatening adverse health consequences. The recall was issued as a precautionary safety measure to protect at-risk consumers.
Why Not All Magnesium Citrate Disappeared
It is important to differentiate between the recalled product and the overall market for magnesium citrate. The recall primarily affected the saline laxative oral solution, which was widely sold under various generic store brands. The oral solution is a potent, fast-acting osmotic laxative often used for short-term relief or bowel preparation for medical procedures.
While this specific formulation and brand were recalled, other forms of magnesium citrate, such as capsules, powders, and gummies, remain available from different manufacturers. Furthermore, some manufacturers like Bionpharma and Akron Pharma were not impacted by the Vi-Jon recall and have continued to produce and supply liquid magnesium citrate. However, ongoing supply chain disruptions and increased demand, particularly since the pandemic, have created general shortages, so availability can vary.
How Magnesium Citrate Functions as a Laxative
Magnesium citrate is a saline laxative that works through a process called osmosis. The high concentration of magnesium in the solution draws water from surrounding tissues into the intestines. This increased water content softens the stool and creates pressure in the intestines, stimulating a bowel movement. The effect is typically rapid, producing results within 30 minutes to 6 hours.
Safer Alternatives to Recalled Magnesium Citrate
For those needing an alternative to the recalled liquid product, several effective and safe options are available over-the-counter. It is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations, especially if using a laxative for more than occasional relief.
- Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia): This is another type of osmotic laxative that draws water into the bowels, softening stool and stimulating bowel movements. It is widely available and effective for occasional constipation.
- Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (MiraLAX): This is a popular, gentle, osmotic laxative that is not based on magnesium. It works by retaining water in the stool to make it softer and easier to pass.
- Stimulant Laxatives: Products containing senna (e.g., Senokot) or bisacodyl (e.g., Dulcolax) directly stimulate the intestinal muscles to promote a bowel movement. These are generally used for short-term relief.
- Fiber Supplements: Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium husk (Metamucil) or methylcellulose (Citrucel), absorb water to add bulk to the stool, promoting regular bowel movements. These are considered a safe, long-term option for maintaining regularity.
Comparison of Different Laxative Options
| Feature | Magnesium Citrate | Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) | Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (MiraLAX) | Fiber Supplements (e.g., Psyllium) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Osmotic: draws water into intestines. | Osmotic: draws water into intestines. | Osmotic: retains water in stool. | Bulk-forming: adds bulk to stool. |
| Speed of Action | Fast (30 min - 6 hrs) | Moderate (30 min - 6 hrs) | Slow (1-3 days) | Slow (12-72 hrs) |
| Common Forms | Liquid, capsules, powder | Liquid, chewable tablets | Powder | Powder, capsules, wafers |
| Best For | Short-term constipation, bowel prep | Occasional constipation | Gentle, regular use | Long-term constipation, regularity |
| Potential Side Effects | Diarrhea, cramps, dehydration | Diarrhea, cramps, nausea | Bloating, gas, nausea | Gas, bloating (initially) |
Alternatives for Magnesium Supplementation (Not Laxatives)
If you are looking for magnesium for general health benefits and not for its laxative effect, there are different forms with varying levels of absorption and purposes.
- Magnesium Glycinate: This form is highly absorbable and has calming properties, making it a good choice for promoting sleep and reducing anxiety.
- Magnesium Malate: Often recommended for muscle aches and fatigue, as it is well-absorbed and has a low laxative effect.
- Magnesium Oxide: While it has poor absorption and is not ideal for boosting magnesium levels, it is frequently used as a laxative due to its strong osmotic effect.
Conclusion: A Temporary Setback, Not an End
The absence of liquid magnesium citrate from many store shelves is a direct consequence of a specific manufacturer's recall due to microbial contamination in 2022. This event, combined with existing supply chain challenges, has created a market shortage. The situation does not signal an end to magnesium citrate but highlights the importance of paying attention to recalls and manufacturer information.
While the original recalled products are no longer available and some supply issues may persist, many safe and effective alternatives remain on the market. Consumers can find alternative brands of liquid magnesium citrate or choose from other forms like capsules and gummies. For those seeking a laxative, other types of osmotic or stimulant laxatives are readily available. When in doubt, consulting a healthcare professional is always the best course of action to ensure safety and effectiveness. You can learn more about the specific details of the recall on the FDA's website.
