Introduction to Systemic Enzymes
Systemic enzymes are proteolytic enzymes that, when taken on an empty stomach, are absorbed through the small intestine and distributed throughout the body to act systemically. Both serrapeptase and nattokinase are well-known examples of such enzymes, but they are not interchangeable. While both act by breaking down proteins, their unique properties, sources, and targeted functions set them apart. Understanding these differences is crucial for anyone considering adding either or both to their health regimen.
Serrapeptase: Anti-inflammatory and Tissue Support
Serrapeptase, also known as serratiopeptidase, is a proteolytic enzyme with a history of use in Asia and Europe for over three decades. Its origin story is quite unique, as it was originally isolated from bacteria found in the gut of silkworms. The enzyme is what allows the silkworm to dissolve its hard cocoon and emerge as a moth. Today, it is produced in a lab via bacterial fermentation.
Mechanism and Primary Benefits of Serrapeptase
The key to serrapeptase's function is its ability to break down non-living protein-based substances without harming living tissue.
- Breaks down damaged proteins and dead tissue: This action is believed to help with the body's natural healing and repair processes, reducing scar tissue and promoting tissue regeneration.
- Thins mucus and inflammatory proteins: Serrapeptase helps to break down mucus and inflammatory byproducts, which can be beneficial for supporting respiratory and sinus health.
- Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects: By helping to break down inflammatory proteins like bradykinin and histamine, serrapeptase can help manage swelling and discomfort. This has led to its use for conditions involving inflammation and pain.
Nattokinase: Cardiovascular and Circulatory Health
Nattokinase is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme discovered in the 1980s by Japanese researcher Hiroyuki Sumi. It is derived from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Natto has been consumed in Japan for centuries and is linked to the country's famously long life expectancy.
Mechanism and Primary Benefits of Nattokinase
Nattokinase's primary role is its powerful ability to dissolve fibrin, a protein involved in blood clot formation. This makes it a significant player in promoting cardiovascular and circulatory wellness.
- Directly digests fibrin: Nattokinase directly degrades fibrin and also enhances the body's own production of plasmin, the enzyme responsible for regulating fibrin levels.
- Supports healthy blood pressure: Some studies suggest that nattokinase supplementation can help reduce high blood pressure in prehypertensive individuals.
- Promotes healthy circulation: By breaking down fibrin, nattokinase can help improve blood flow and reduce the risk of clot-related conditions, ensuring more efficient blood circulation.
Serrapeptase vs. Nattokinase: A Detailed Comparison
While both are valuable proteolytic enzymes, their distinct characteristics inform their different uses. The following table highlights the key distinctions:
| Feature | Serrapeptase | Nattokinase |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Derived from the intestinal bacteria of silkworms (Serratia marcescens). | Derived from fermented soybeans (natto) using Bacillus subtilis. |
| Primary Mechanism | Targets and breaks down non-living proteins, dead or damaged tissue, mucus, and inflammatory byproducts. | Acts as a potent fibrinolytic agent, breaking down fibrin in blood clots and enhancing the body's own clot-regulating enzymes. |
| Key Benefit Focus | Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic, supports tissue repair, and helps with mucus clearance. | Cardiovascular support, promotes healthy blood flow, and may help maintain healthy blood pressure. |
| Main Applications | Inflammation, pain reduction, respiratory issues (sinusitis, cough), scar tissue. | Heart health, circulation, managing blood clots. |
| Safety Consideration | May affect blood clotting; caution needed with blood-thinning medications. | Can increase bleeding risk, especially when combined with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. |
Side Effects and Safety Considerations
Both enzymes carry potential risks, and their use requires caution, especially when combined with other medications.
Serrapeptase Side Effects
- Digestive Upset: May cause nausea, stomach pain, or diarrhea in some individuals.
- Bleeding Risk: Can increase the risk of bleeding or bruising, particularly when taken with blood-thinning drugs.
- Other Reactions: Reported side effects include cough, joint and muscle pain, and skin reactions.
Nattokinase Side Effects
- Bleeding Risk: As a blood-thinning agent, it can increase the risk of bleeding, especially for those on anticoagulant medications like warfarin or aspirin. Cases of severe bleeding have been reported.
- Allergic Reactions: Individuals with a soy allergy should avoid nattokinase derived from natto.
- Potential Stroke Risk: Theoretically, nattokinase could dislodge an existing clot, leading to a stroke or embolus.
Can You Take Serrapeptase and Nattokinase Together?
Yes, some supplement brands offer products combining serrapeptase and nattokinase, as they are believed to have synergistic effects. By combining their properties—nattokinase for fibrin breakdown and serrapeptase for non-living protein removal—the enzymes can address both circulatory health and inflammation. However, this should only be done under the supervision of a healthcare provider, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications that affect blood clotting.
A Note on Supplement Quality
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements like prescription drugs, meaning the quality, purity, and potency can vary significantly between brands. Choosing products that are independently tested and certified by organizations like USP (U.S. Pharmacopeia) or NSF can help ensure you are receiving a quality product. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.
Conclusion: Complementary but Not Identical
In conclusion, serrapeptase and nattokinase are not the same thing, though they are both powerful systemic enzymes. They differ in their source, mechanism of action, and primary health focus. Nattokinase is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme from fermented soybeans, primarily supporting cardiovascular health by breaking down fibrin. Serrapeptase is a proteolytic enzyme from bacteria, prized for its anti-inflammatory effects and ability to clear non-living tissue and mucus. While they can be taken together for a synergistic effect, their use requires careful consideration of potential side effects, especially in individuals with bleeding disorders or those on anticoagulant therapy. Consulting with a healthcare provider is the best way to determine the appropriate use and dosage for your specific health needs.
Additional resources
For a deeper dive into the science behind nattokinase, a detailed review is available from the National Institutes of Health.
