Understanding Hawthorn and Its Uses
Hawthorn, scientifically known as Crataegus, is a genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family. For centuries, its berries, leaves, and flowers have been used in traditional medicine, primarily for supporting the cardiovascular system. Modern use often involves standardized extracts available in capsules, tinctures, and teas. People take hawthorn for conditions like angina, high blood pressure, and congestive heart failure, although its effectiveness can be inconsistent in clinical trials. The plant contains flavonoids, which are believed to be responsible for its antioxidant properties and its effects on heart muscle contraction and blood flow.
Can Hawthorn Cause Diarrhea and Other GI Issues?
Yes, hawthorn can cause diarrhea, although it is typically considered a minor or mild side effect. Multiple sources list diarrhea, nausea, and general stomach upset or gastrointestinal disturbances as possible adverse effects of taking hawthorn supplements.
One source specifically notes that taking hawthorn berry teas or soft drinks in excess can lead to mild diarrhea. Interestingly, the same source suggests that this side effect does not typically occur when the berries are used in tinctures or encapsulated powder form, nor is it associated with the leaf and flower preparations. This indicates that the form and preparation of the hawthorn product may influence the likelihood of experiencing gastrointestinal side effects. Studies analyzing adverse reaction reports have also identified gastrointestinal disorders as one of the most frequently reported issues associated with Crataegus products.
Other related side effects include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Stomach upset
- Abdominal discomfort or fullness
Safe Use of Hawthorn
Hawthorn is considered possibly safe for most adults when used for short periods (up to 16 weeks). The long-term safety of hawthorn has not been established. Due to its powerful effects on the heart and potential for drug interactions, it is crucial to use hawthorn only under the supervision of a healthcare provider, especially if you have a pre-existing heart condition. You should not self-treat heart conditions with hawthorn without consulting your doctor.
Potential Drug Interactions
A significant concern with hawthorn is its potential to interact with various medications. These interactions can alter the effects of drugs and may lead to adverse outcomes. It is critical to talk with your doctor before taking hawthorn if you are on any other medications, particularly those for heart conditions.
| Medication Type | Potential Interaction with Hawthorn | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) | Hawthorn may increase the effects and side effects of digoxin, a drug for heart failure and arrhythmia. | |
| Beta-blockers | May enhance the blood pressure-lowering effects, potentially causing blood pressure to drop too low. Examples include atenolol and metoprolol. | |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Can strengthen their blood pressure-lowering effects, risking hypotension. Examples include amlodipine and diltiazem. | |
| Nitrates | Taking hawthorn with nitrates (for chest pain) may increase the risk of dizziness and lightheadedness due to enhanced blood flow. | |
| Erectile Dysfunction Meds | Combination with drugs like sildenafil (Viagra) may cause a significant drop in blood pressure. | |
| Anticoagulants | Hawthorn might slow blood clotting, increasing the risk of bleeding and bruising when taken with blood thinners. |
Risks and Who Should Avoid Hawthorn
Beyond gastrointestinal issues and drug interactions, other potential side effects include dizziness, vertigo, headache, fatigue, palpitations, and agitation.
Certain populations should avoid using hawthorn:
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women: There is not enough reliable information to know if hawthorn is safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
- Children: Hawthorn should not be given to children.
- Individuals undergoing surgery: Because it might slow blood clotting, it is recommended to stop using hawthorn at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery to reduce the risk of excess bleeding.
- People with heart disease: Anyone with a heart condition should not use hawthorn without the explicit guidance and supervision of their healthcare provider due to its potent effects and interaction risks.
- Adulterated Products: In January 2024, the FDA warned that some products labeled as "tejocote root" (Crataegus mexicana), a type of hawthorn, actually contained toxic yellow oleander, which can cause severe harm. This highlights the importance of choosing reputable brands.
Conclusion
To answer the primary question: yes, hawthorn can cause diarrhea, along with other gastrointestinal complaints like nausea and stomach upset. While these side effects are generally mild, they are a known risk of taking the supplement, particularly in certain forms like teas when consumed in excess. Given its powerful effects on the cardiovascular system and its significant potential for drug interactions, hawthorn should not be taken lightly. Consulting with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, including hawthorn, is essential to ensure safety and avoid adverse reactions. This is especially true for individuals with existing health conditions or those taking prescription medications.
For more information from an authoritative source, you can visit the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH).
Disclaimer: Information is for general knowledge and should not be taken as medical advice. Consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
