The Science of 'Highs': CBD vs. THC
Cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two most well-known cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant [1.2.4]. While they have similar chemical structures, their effects on the human body are vastly different [1.3.1]. The intoxicating feeling or 'high' from marijuana is caused by THC [1.2.2]. CBD, on the other hand, is non-impairing and does not cause a 'high' [1.2.1].
The reason for this difference lies in how each compound interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS is a complex cell-signaling network that helps regulate processes like mood, pain, and sleep [1.2.3]. It has two primary receptors: CB1 and CB2 [1.5.1]. CB1 receptors are concentrated in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are found mainly in the immune system [1.5.1].
THC produces its psychoactive effects by binding directly to and activating CB1 receptors in the brain [1.2.5, 1.3.3]. CBD does not activate the CB1 receptor in the same way. In fact, it has a low affinity for CB1 receptors and can act as a negative allosteric modulator, which means it can change the shape of the receptor, making it harder for agonists like THC to bind and produce their effects [1.3.1]. Because CBD doesn't cause this direct activation of CB1 receptors, it doesn't produce an intoxicating high [1.2.5].
What Does Taking CBD Actually Feel Like?
While CBD won't get you 'buzzed,' it is considered psychoactive because it affects the brain and can alter mood and perception [1.2.5]. However, its effects are very different from THC's. Users often report feeling a sense of calm, relaxation, and physical ease after taking CBD [1.2.3, 1.4.3]. Some people find it helps quiet mental distractions, leading to improved focus [1.2.3].
The experience can be subtle. Some individuals may not feel any distinct sensation at all, while others notice a gradual reduction in feelings of stress or discomfort [1.4.3]. The effects can vary based on the individual's body chemistry, the dosage, and the method of consumption [1.4.3].
Full-Spectrum, Broad-Spectrum, and Isolate: Does it Matter?
When shopping for CBD, you will encounter three main types: full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, and CBD isolate [1.6.3].
- CBD Isolate: This is the purest form of CBD, containing 99% pure cannabidiol with no other plant compounds [1.6.1]. If you want to ensure you are consuming only CBD, this is the product to choose.
- Full-Spectrum CBD: This type contains all the phytochemicals naturally found in the cannabis plant, including other cannabinoids, terpenes, and a trace amount of THC [1.6.2]. Federally legal hemp-derived full-spectrum products must contain less than 0.3% THC by dry weight [1.2.2, 1.7.2]. This small amount is not enough to cause a 'high' [1.2.3].
- Broad-Spectrum CBD: This is a middle ground. It contains all the compounds from the cannabis plant, except for THC, which is removed after extraction [1.6.3].
The presence of other cannabinoids and terpenes in full- and broad-spectrum products can lead to something called the 'entourage effect' [1.10.2]. This theory suggests that all the compounds in the cannabis plant work together synergistically, enhancing the overall therapeutic benefits more than any single compound could alone [1.10.1, 1.10.3]. While full-spectrum CBD contains trace THC, it is highly unlikely to cause a buzz, though it could potentially show up on a sensitive drug test with prolonged use [1.6.3].
Comparison: CBD vs. THC
| Feature | Cannabidiol (CBD) | Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoactive 'High' | No, it is non-intoxicating [1.2.1, 1.2.5]. | Yes, causes euphoria and a 'high' [1.3.3]. |
| CB1 Receptor Interaction | Does not bind directly; acts as a modulator [1.2.5, 1.3.1]. | Binds directly and activates the receptor [1.2.5]. |
| Reported Feelings | Calm, relaxation, reduced stress [1.2.3]. | Euphoria, altered perception, relaxation [1.2.3]. |
| Legal Status (Federal) | Legal if derived from hemp with <0.3% THC [1.2.3]. | Generally illegal, with exceptions for state medical/recreational use [1.2.3]. |
| Abuse Potential | No evidence of abuse or dependence potential [1.2.4]. | Can lead to dependence [1.3.4]. |
Safety and Side Effects
The World Health Organization has stated that in its pure form, CBD does not show any effects indicative of abuse or dependence potential [1.2.4]. However, it is not without potential side effects. The most common ones are generally mild and can include dry mouth, drowsiness, fatigue, reduced appetite, and diarrhea [1.8.2, 1.8.4].
A more significant concern is CBD's potential to interact with other medications by competing for liver enzymes, similar to grapefruit [1.8.2]. It is also important to note that the FDA does not currently regulate the safety and purity of over-the-counter CBD supplements, which can lead to mislabeled products [1.8.2]. Some products may contain more THC than advertised, or even harmful contaminants [1.2.3, 1.8.4]. Therefore, it is crucial to purchase from reputable sources that provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA) from a third-party lab [1.8.2].
Conclusion
To directly answer the question: no, you cannot get a 'buzz' off CBD. Its pharmacological interaction with the brain is fundamentally different from that of THC. The intoxicating high associated with cannabis is exclusively a product of THC's activation of CB1 receptors. CBD's effects are more subtle, often described as a feeling of calm, balance, or relaxation without the cognitive impairment of a high [1.2.3]. While trace amounts of THC in full-spectrum products are not enough to be intoxicating, consumers should always seek out high-quality, third-party tested products to ensure safety and label accuracy [1.2.3].
For more information, a reliable source is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [1.11.3].
