The FDA-Approved Solution: Not a Pill, but a Prescription Serum
While many people search for a medication that works like a magic pill for lash growth, the only product approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this purpose is a topical solution: bimatoprost, sold under the brand name Latisse. This treatment is specifically designed for hypotrichosis, a condition where eyelashes are inadequate or not numerous enough. The development of Latisse was a serendipitous discovery; bimatoprost was originally an active ingredient in a glaucoma eye drop called Lumigan. Patients using the drops for their glaucoma treatment noticed an unexpected and desirable side effect: their eyelashes grew longer, thicker, and darker. This observation led to the pharmaceutical company Allergan developing and seeking FDA approval for a cosmetic version, leading to the creation of Latisse.
Unlike an oral pill that works systemically throughout the body and can lead to more widespread side effects, bimatoprost is applied directly to the base of the upper eyelashes using a sterile, single-use applicator. This targeted application minimizes systemic exposure, though some side effects can still occur. The success of Latisse is backed by extensive clinical trials that demonstrated significant improvements in lash length, fullness, and darkness over a 16-week period of daily use.
How Bimatoprost Works
Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin analog, a compound derived from fatty acids that influences physiological processes. Although the precise mechanism for eyelash growth is not fully understood, research suggests it works by affecting the hair follicle's natural growth cycle.
- Extends the anagen phase: The active growth phase of the hair cycle is called the anagen phase. Bimatoprost is believed to increase the percentage of eyelash hairs in this phase and prolong its duration.
- Increases hair follicles: By keeping more follicles in a growth state for longer, bimatoprost effectively increases the number of hairs that grow.
- Stimulates melanogenesis: In addition to increasing the length and number of lashes, bimatoprost stimulates pigment cells in the hair follicles, leading to darker-looking eyelashes.
This process results in a gradual transformation. Users typically start noticing a difference in their lashes around eight weeks, with the full effect visible after 16 weeks of consistent, once-daily application. It is important to note that the effects are not permanent and will gradually fade if the treatment is discontinued.
Navigating Eyelash Growth Options: Latisse vs. OTC Serums and Pills
When considering options for eyelash growth, it's crucial to understand the differences in products available on the market. These range from medically-backed prescriptions to unregulated cosmetic serums and dietary supplements.
Comparison Table
| Feature | Latisse (Bimatoprost) | Over-the-Counter (OTC) Serums | Nutritional Supplements (Pills) |
|---|---|---|---|
| FDA Approval | Yes, specifically for eyelash hypotrichosis. | No. FDA does not approve cosmetic products for growth claims. | No. FDA does not regulate dietary supplements for this purpose. |
| Active Ingredient | Bimatoprost (a prostaglandin analog). | Often contain other prostaglandin analogues (e.g., isopropyl cloprostenate), peptides, or vitamins. | Vitamins (like biotin), minerals, and botanical extracts. |
| Efficacy | Proven effective in clinical trials for length, thickness, and darkness. | Varies significantly. May offer minor conditioning but lack the proven efficacy of bimatoprost. | Little to no scientific evidence to support direct eyelash growth. |
| Side Effects | Common side effects include eye itching, redness, and eyelid darkening. Rare but possible permanent iris darkening. | Potential for irritation, allergic reactions, and risks from unregulated ingredients, including iris darkening. | Generally considered safe, but efficacy is unproven for lash growth. |
| Availability | Prescription only, requiring a doctor's evaluation. | Available without a prescription from retailers and online stores. | Available over-the-counter from pharmacies and health food stores. |
Important Considerations and Risks
Before pursuing any eyelash growth solution, especially a prescription one like Latisse, it is essential to be aware of the potential risks and to consult a medical professional, such as an ophthalmologist or dermatologist.
- Temporary vs. Permanent Side Effects: While temporary side effects of Latisse, such as eyelid darkening, typically reverse after discontinuing the product, the possibility of a permanent change in iris color (more brown pigmentation) exists, though it is rare.
- Unwanted Hair Growth: Improper application of bimatoprost can cause hair growth on other areas of the skin, so it is vital to apply it carefully and blot any excess solution.
- Contamination: Using the provided sterile applicators only once per eye is crucial to avoid eye infections.
- Contact Lenses: Soft contact lenses should be removed before application and can be reinserted 15 minutes later.
- OTC Risks: The absence of FDA regulation for over-the-counter prostaglandin-containing serums means their safety and efficacy are not guaranteed, and they carry similar eye-related risks to bimatoprost.
Proper Application and Timeline
Using Latisse correctly is key to achieving optimal results and minimizing side effects.
- Nightly Routine: The solution should be applied once nightly to a clean face after removing makeup and contact lenses.
- Sterile Applicators: Use a fresh, single-use sterile applicator for each eye to prevent contamination.
- Application Process: Place one drop of the solution on the applicator and draw it carefully along the skin of the upper eyelid margin at the base of the eyelashes, from inner to outer.
- Blot Excess: Blot any excess solution to avoid unwanted hair growth on the skin.
- No Lower Lids: Do not apply to the lower eyelid. Blinking will naturally spread the solution.
- Results Timeline: You can expect to see initial results in as few as 8 weeks, with the full effect appearing by 16 weeks.
Conclusion
In summary, the search for 'what pill makes your eyelashes grow' is largely a search for a non-existent product. The only scientifically proven and FDA-approved method for enhancing eyelash growth is the prescription topical solution Latisse, which contains the active ingredient bimatoprost. This treatment prolongs the natural lash growth cycle, resulting in longer, thicker, and darker eyelashes. While alternatives like over-the-counter serums and nutritional supplements exist, they lack the proven efficacy and regulatory oversight of Latisse. For anyone considering an eyelash growth solution, a consultation with a healthcare provider is the most responsible and effective path forward, ensuring you receive a safe, informed, and legitimate treatment option.
Visit the American Academy of Ophthalmology for more details on Latisse and its effects.
