Understanding Hemorrhoid Ointments by Active Ingredient
Over-the-counter (OTC) hemorrhoid ointments, creams, and wipes contain a variety of active ingredients designed to provide relief from different symptoms. Selecting the best product depends on identifying which symptoms are most bothersome for you, such as pain, itching, or swelling.
Numbing Agents (Local Anesthetics)
If your primary symptom is pain, burning, or soreness, a numbing agent can provide fast relief. Ingredients like lidocaine and benzocaine work by temporarily blocking nerve signals in the area. Products containing these are for external use.
Astringents
Astringents are ingredients that cause body tissues to contract or tighten, which can help soothe and dry out irritated skin. Witch hazel is the most common example, and it is frequently found in medicated wipes and cooling pads, such as those from Tucks and Preparation H. It is an excellent choice for relieving itching and minor irritation, and it can also provide a gentle cooling sensation.
Vasoconstrictors
To address swelling and pressure, vasoconstrictors are the active ingredient of choice. Phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor that temporarily shrinks swollen blood vessels, easing pressure and discomfort. This is a key ingredient in many Preparation H products.
Protectants
Protectants create a barrier on the skin to shield irritated tissue from further damage and soothe the affected area. Ingredients such as zinc oxide, white petrolatum, and mineral oil provide a protective layer that can support healing and reduce discomfort during bowel movements. They are often used in combination with other ingredients.
Steroids
For more intense itching and inflammation, hydrocortisone is a potent option. This steroid can be found in some OTC creams but should not be used for more than one week without a doctor's supervision. Stronger prescription versions of hydrocortisone are also available.
Comparison of Popular Over-the-Counter Ointments
| Product (Sample Brands) | Primary Active Ingredients | Targeted Symptoms | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preparation H Ointment | Phenylephrine, White Petrolatum | Swelling, Itching, Discomfort | A classic multi-symptom product that shrinks swollen tissue. |
| Preparation H Rapid Relief Cream | Lidocaine, Phenylephrine, Glycerin | Pain, Itching, Swelling | Combines a numbing agent with a vasoconstrictor for relief. |
| Tucks Medicated Cooling Pads | Witch Hazel | Itching, Burning, Irritation | Soothing, gentle pads are ideal for cleansing and compressing irritated areas. |
| RectiCare Advanced Hemorrhoidal Cream | Lidocaine, Phenylephrine | Pain, Itching, Swelling | Contains a significant strength of lidocaine for pain relief. |
| Hydrocortisone Cream (e.g., Preparation H Soothing Relief) | Hydrocortisone | Inflammation, Itching | Powerful for inflammation, but limit use unless advised otherwise by a doctor. |
| Anusol Plus Ointment | Pramoxine HCl, Zinc Sulfate | Pain, Itching, Swelling | A topical anesthetic combined with a protectant for comprehensive relief. |
Proper Application and Best Practices
Using hemorrhoid ointments correctly is crucial for maximizing their effectiveness and preventing further irritation. Follow these steps for optimal results:
- Cleanse the area: Use mild, unscented soap and warm water to gently clean the affected area. Pat dry with a soft cloth or tissue. For sensitive skin, unscented baby wipes or medicated pads with witch hazel are a good alternative to toilet paper.
- Wash your hands: Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after application to prevent infection.
- Apply the product: For external hemorrhoids, apply a thin layer of cream or ointment directly to the affected area. Some products come with an applicator for internal use; follow the instructions carefully.
- Follow product instructions: Pay close attention to the recommended application frequency and duration on the product packaging.
- Use other supportive measures: For additional relief, consider incorporating other home treatments alongside your ointment. A sitz bath (soaking in shallow, warm water) can soothe irritation and pain. Increasing your daily fiber and fluid intake is essential for softening stools and preventing straining, which helps hemorrhoids heal. Regular exercise also helps regulate bowel movements.
When to See a Doctor
Most hemorrhoid symptoms resolve with home care and OTC treatments within a week. However, certain symptoms warrant a visit to a healthcare provider. You should see a doctor if:
- Your symptoms do not improve within a week of using OTC treatments.
- You experience severe pain or significant bleeding.
- You have black or tarry stools, which can indicate bleeding higher up in the digestive tract.
- You suspect a thrombosed hemorrhoid (a blood clot within an external hemorrhoid), which causes severe pain.
- You are experiencing hemorrhoids for the first time and want to confirm the diagnosis.
Conclusion
The question of what is the best ointment to put on hemorrhoids doesn't have a single answer; it depends entirely on your specific symptoms. For pain, numbing agents like lidocaine are most effective. For itching and swelling, astringents like witch hazel or vasoconstrictors like phenylephrine provide relief. For a multi-symptom approach, many OTC products combine these ingredients. By understanding the active components and following proper application techniques, you can find targeted relief. For persistent, severe, or unexplained symptoms, a medical consultation is always the safest course of action, but for many, the right ointment combined with simple lifestyle changes can offer substantial comfort. For more information on natural remedies and long-term prevention, visit this authoritative resource: Harvard Health on Natural remedies for hemorrhoids.
